The developing countries, like our country Iraq suffer from deep comprehensive structural crisis, manifestations and a clear imbalance between the demand and the supply sides. The overall imbalance in the external balance. As a consequence, this caused the accumulation of foreign debts or failure in the implementation of economic development programs. The countries which are forced to resort to the International Monitoring Funds, and the World Bank for assistance and to express an opinion on policies that include restrictions controls that belong to the monetary, and fiscal side group, imposed on the economies crisis, as a condition for returning to normal which called reform programs. The organize of the events of radical changes in the economic structure towards the rule of the free market system trends in the domestic and international economic activity, carried out by the top financial institutions in the country like the Central Bank, for example, in order to improve the complete level of demand commensurate, with the full level of supply and return to the state of economic balance. The structural adjustment programs, that represents the advanced phase of the restoration of capitalism in which direct changes in agreement with those of international institutions, and under strict supervision conducted restructuring process. The structural adjustment policies programs, or called the government programs, as a prelude to conclude agreements on debt rescheduling, or as a kind of show good intentions and behavior begins her request.The standard requirements for the procedures of the International Monetary Fund, including application procedures for government authorities for tax, and financial sector reform, restructuring state-owned enterprises, and macroeconomic stability.
The research addressed the formal functions resulting from the use of various guiding signs in the design of the interior spaces of airports in various pragmatic, expressive and psychological aspects. The aim is to identify the functions the guiding signs perform in facilitating and organizing the travelers' movement and satisfying the needs of the visitors and users of the unfamiliar places which they intend to visit, the nature of the services offered by these signs as one of the important parts within their general design. The research also identified the concept and types of signs as a means of visual communication and how to employ them in the design of the airports public spaces, and what are the criteria of their use and fu
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Presupposition, which indicates a prior assumption, is a vital notion in both semantic and pragmatic disciplines. It refers to assumptions implicitly made by interlocutors, which are necessary for the correct interpretation of an utterance. Although there is a general agreement that presupposition is a universal property of Language, there are various propositions concerning its nature. However, this research work proposes that presupposition is a contextual term, thus, is more pragmatic than semantic in its nature.Although Semantics and Pragmatics are two distinct disciplines, they are interrelated and complementary to each other, since meaning proper involves both, and since there is no clear borderline between the two disciplines. How
... Show MoreResearch is aimed at defining the risks that the sales activity of the General Company for Leather Industries about a special, then diagnose these risks, through a set of indicators, which indicate its existence and try to overcome them, and minimizing the negative effects on those activities.
The research found some conclusions, which emphasizes that the General Company for Leather Industries, suffer from a lack of profit, and a large decrease in sales; a result of absence of demand on its products and rising cost of the expenses to income ratio of, which was reflected in the cost per unit produced. Also the conclusions shown that the number of sales outlets for the company to cover the geographical area is not enough, in spite
... Show Moreقياس وتحليل تأثير صدمات أسعار النفط الخام على راس المال البشري في العراق للمدة (1970 – 2021)
تتطلب عملية التنمية الاقتصـادية في الدول النامية مبالغ كبيرة من رؤوس الأمـوال اللازمة لتنفيذ البرامج والخطط الاقتصادية، ولما كانت الاسـتثمارات التي تنفذها هذه الدول خلال حقبة معينة، تزيد على ما تم تحقيقه من موارد مالية محلية، فلابد أنْ يمول الفرق من خلال انسياب صافٍ لرأس المال الأجنبي (قروض ومساعدات) إلى الداخل خلال المدة نفسها، لغـرض سَدّ الفجوة في المـوارد المحلية المعدة للاسـتثمار، وعانت بعض د
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The present paper stresses the direct effect of the situational dimension termed as “reality” on the authors’ thoughts and attitudes. Every text is placed within a particular situation which has to be correctly identified by the translator as the first and the most important step for a good translation. Hence, the content of any word production reflects some part of reality. Comprehending any text includes comprehending the reality’s different dimensions as reflected in the text and, thus illuminating the connection of reality features.
Аннотация
Исследование под названием ((«Понимание реальности» средство полно
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The spectacular film is a type of feature films which has specific elements that contribute in increasing the aesthetics of the shape in its structure. The researcher started studying this type of films by researching the spectacular film concept, the history of its development, who are its most important stars and then tackling the Indian cinema represented by Bollywood, which is considered a school for this type of film. The researcher addressed the most important influential elements that entre in its production as well as studying these elements that contribute to building the shape including the configuration, movements of cameras, lenses, the lighting, colors, costumes etc. and what influence they have in forming a special aestheti
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يدرس هذا البحث مشكلة اعتماد الجمهور العراقي على الصحف، باعتبارها إحدى وسائل الإعلام التقليدية، في تكوين معلوماته ومعرفته العامة. وهي دراسة وصفية اعتمدت المنهج الوصفي المسحي الذي يصور الظروف أو الاتجاهات الحالية للظاهرة قيد الدراسة ويحاول تفسيرها. استخدم الباحث الاستبانة في المقام الأول كأداة بحث، حيث تم تصميمها وتوزيعها على عينة مكونة من 150 باحثا قصديا من قراء وقراء الصحف. وينتهي الباحث بالنتائج التالية: إ
... Show MoreSocietal security is regarded as a basic need for human society through which the stability, progress and prosperity of the nation is measured. It is the guarantor of the safety of individuals and groups from various internal and external dangers, based on the protection of the three pillars: the individual, the family, and society. For decades, Iraq has witnessed the phenomenon of political instability, represented by its entry into several wars, starting with the 1948 war, leading up to the American war on Iraq in 2003. Then, those wars were followed by an era in which corruption and terrorism spread, and this, in turn, led to the fragmentation of the national will and the division of Iraqi public opinion regarding many regional and inte
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