The developing countries, like our country Iraq suffer from deep comprehensive structural crisis, manifestations and a clear imbalance between the demand and the supply sides. The overall imbalance in the external balance. As a consequence, this caused the accumulation of foreign debts or failure in the implementation of economic development programs. The countries which are forced to resort to the International Monitoring Funds, and the World Bank for assistance and to express an opinion on policies that include restrictions controls that belong to the monetary, and fiscal side group, imposed on the economies crisis, as a condition for returning to normal which called reform programs. The organize of the events of radical changes in the economic structure towards the rule of the free market system trends in the domestic and international economic activity, carried out by the top financial institutions in the country like the Central Bank, for example, in order to improve the complete level of demand commensurate, with the full level of supply and return to the state of economic balance. The structural adjustment programs, that represents the advanced phase of the restoration of capitalism in which direct changes in agreement with those of international institutions, and under strict supervision conducted restructuring process. The structural adjustment policies programs, or called the government programs, as a prelude to conclude agreements on debt rescheduling, or as a kind of show good intentions and behavior begins her request.The standard requirements for the procedures of the International Monetary Fund, including application procedures for government authorities for tax, and financial sector reform, restructuring state-owned enterprises, and macroeconomic stability.
Geomorphology is concerned with the topographic units that make up the Earth's surface. These take many forms, such as mountains and rivers, and include many dangers such as landslides, landslides and erosion. Many studies appeared in this field to analyze its effects and risks resulting from it, including urban studies, to determine the trends of optimal urban expansion and its geomorphological interactions. The results showed that the city of Kut originated and expanded near the course of the Tigris River and its branches, and it suffers from unbalanced urban expansion, due to the high rate of population growth, and overcrowding in housing units with the growth of urban land uses in it, which prompted the city to extend horizontally and v
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Background: Thermocycling simulates the temperature dynamics in the oral environment. This in vitro study done to measure and compare the effect of thermocycling on the shear bond strength of stainless steel and sapphire brackets bonded to human enamel teeth using light cured orthodontic adhesive and debonded at various time, and to measure adhesive remnant index after debonding. Materials and Methods: one-hundred-twenty extracted upper first premolars for orthodontic reason were used in this study; depending on weather thermocycled or not, the sample was divided into two main groups, then within each group 30 teeth were used for stainless-steel brackets (Bionic®) and for sapphire brackets (Pure®). Both groups were subdivided into three
... Show MoreBackground: Complete seal of the root canal system following its chemo-mechanical debridement plays a pivotal role for achieving successful endodontic treatment. This can be established by reducing the gaps between the core filling material and root canal wall. Aim: To assess and compare the dislocation resistance of root canals obturated with GuttaFusion® and TotalFill BC sealer versus single cone obturation technique and TotalFill BC sealer after instrumentation of the canals with WaveOne, ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal system. Material and Method: Sixty extracted human permanent mandibular premolars were conducted in the current study. The teeth were decorated and left the root with 15mm length; the roots were divided randoml
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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, involvement of exocrine salivary and lacrimal glands may occur as extra-articular mani¬festations in this disease. This study aimed to provide evidence of altered in function and composition of salivary gland in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by determine salivary flow rate and some biochemical parameters(total protein, amylase, peroxidase) and to investigate the relationship between disease activity and changes in function and composition of salivary gland. Materials and Methods: Fifty five patients with RA (7 males and 48 females) were enrolled in this study with age range (20-69) years. The patients were separated int
... Show MoreBack ground: Diabetic nephropathy is rapidly becoming the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The onset and course of DN can be ameliorated to a very significant degree if intervention institutes at a point very early in the course of the development of this complication.
Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize risk factors associated with nephropathy in type I diabetes and construct a module for early prediction of diabetic nephropathy (DN) by analyzing their risk factors.
Methods: Case control design of 400 patients with type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM), aged 19-45 years. The cases were 200 diabetic patients with overt protein urea while the controls were 200 diabetic patients with no protein urea or micr
Prostate cancer is an important and potentially fatal disease in humans. Both genetic and environmental risk factors are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer among Asian pop
The Interior design is concerned with designing and creating internal spaces and reformulating their ideas, thus separating their capacities for influence and achieving suitability and comfort for their occupants, and enabling them to use them in a manner that achieves their goals and requirements, and this is unfolded by the integrity of the functional, aesthetic and expressive performance that these spaces achieve, The behavior of its users includes a variety of activities in harmony with the influence of those spaces and their forms, so the designer was keen to have these spaces in a form with an effective role in harmony with the needs of the times and its complexities in formation and construction, familiar with the strong cultural,
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It is more beneficial science and created and the highest honor is the Koran Sciences, God has honored research in this fun science, came this research that shed the light on the radical incision, and Naughty derivatives as contained in the Koran, and illustrate the diversity of Saghma morphological, and fork them from derivatives what it entailed connotations, as well as the evacuation of cryptic in some of these verses from the biological secrets take minds newly exposed Anitrjt science under the name of scientific miracles.
The research methodology is revenue verse which included the word, and revenue lexical meaning and its meaning in the context of the Qur'an, and reflect the views of the commentators of the verse, and then the r
Infographics have the capability to organize and display information in a way that is easy for viewers to retrieve and make observations. While infographics have been successful in various fields, their potential benefits in composition writing have not been explored. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the perspectives of Iraqi EFL students who used infographics as an educational technology tool in composition writing, and to identify how gender influences students’ performance when using infographics in EFL writing classes. The significance of this study lies in its integration of infographics as an educational technology tool for teaching writing, aligning with the current trend of technology integration in educati
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Collapse of the vapor bubble condensing in an immiscible is investigated for n-pentane and n-hexane vapors condensing in cold water and n-pentane in two different compositions of glycerin- water mixture. The rise velocity and the drag coefficient of the two-phase bubble are measured.