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Relationship between federal budget estimates And actual implementation

he public federal budget of the state includes estimated figures for state revenues and expenditures for the next fiscal year. The estimation process is one of the main parts of the preparation of the general budget of the state and the accuracy in the estimation of revenues and expenditures of the most important principles that should be based on the process of making estimates and should not overestimate the assessment process to ensure the availability of funds in the future in all cases, which lead to unfair distribution of allocations, so the research aims to study The case of preparing the budget in the Directorate and how to estimate the expenditure in, by the analysis of operating budgets and identify deviations in the implementation of the public budget and the ability of the government unit to correct these deviations. The research find out that the federal budget is prepared for the state on the basis of the level of expenditure in the previous year with the addition of a certain percentage according to personal estimation without depending on the scientific and objective basis we find that the process of preparing the budget from the stage of preparation to the stage of Ratification by Parliament is going through a series of negotiations and dialogues and bargaining, and  the deficit that appears in the federal budget of the state is a planning estimated deficit, where the budget is approved with deficit and then moved  to a surplus and this indicates to an inaccurate estimates, and the absence of planning with clear goals at the strategic level, medium and short.  The research recommends to preparation of estimates of the public federal budget of the state on scientifical, objectival and methodical basis,  away from the personal judgment and activating the role of the Committee of preparing  the budget in education to apply advanced scientific methods to activate the role of the budget in planning and control, and the need for participation of all parties associated with the budget, both whom  prepare  the budget or the Beneficiaries, and  training of all parties involved in the process of preparing the budget as well as beneficiaries , in order to clarify the scientific and substantive basis in the process of preparing and implementing the budget.                

key words / public budget, public expenditure.            

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The relationship between human investment and economic growth in Iraq(1985-2010) and measuring return of investment of human

Abstract:

Investment in human capital of renewable energy can be relied upon to get to achieve the goals of development is important for Iraq through the intellectual community cards creative able to innovate and develop what is so is study the effect of human investment on economic growth through the adoption of the index of national income as a function of variables independent ( human capital, physical capital) and this is built on the premise that the relationship direct correlation between economic growth and human investment, and it can measure the return on human investment, which is an incentive to increase human capital through education and the development of the economy in general have shown th

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Causal Relationship between Stock Market Indices Volatility and Oil Prices Volatility: Empirical Evidence from Iraqi Stock Exchange

The study investigates the relationship between the volatility of the Iraqi Stock Exchange Index (ISX), and the volatility of global oil prices benchmarks, Brent and West Intermediate Texas (WTI), in additional to the Iraqi Oil, Basra Crude Light (BSL) which represents the most exported Iraqi oil and the major influential factor on the Iraqi governmental revenues. Using monthly data covering the period: 1/2005-12/1205, econometrical and technical tools represented by Co-incretion, Vector Error Correction Model – VECM, Granger Causality, and Bollinger band were employed in order to explore the relationship between the variables.

The econometric analysis revealed the impact of the oil prices volatility on

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis of the relationship between Government spending compression and the window of the currency and its impact on the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar

The exchange rate is the backbone of  any economy in the world, whether  developed or developing, where most countries adopted  many policies, in order to ensure the stability of the exchange rate of the currency, because of its importance as a link between the local economy and the others ,And it contribute in the achievement of internal and external balance and despite the many different factors that affect it, but there is wide consensus on the effectiveness of the role of spending and the currency window in the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar, especially in the Iraqi economy, effectiveness As the increase in government spending lead to an increase in the supply of money and increase domestic demand and high pr

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis of the Current Financial Crisis : Causes and Solutions (Iraqi crisis a model , based on the public budget for the fiscal year 2016)

The research aims to analysis of the current financial crisis in Iraq through knowing its causes and then propose some solutions that help in remedy the crisis and that on the level of expenditures and revenues, and has been relying on the Federal general budget law of the Republic of Iraq for the fiscal year 2016 to obtain the necessary data in respect of the current expenditures and revenues which necessary to achieve the objective of the research , and through the research results has been reached to a set of conclusions which the most important of them that causes of the current financial crisis in Iraq , mainly belonging to increased expenditures and especially the current ones and the lack of revenues , especially non-oil o

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 15 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Commentary on Federal Supreme Court Decision No. (59) of 2022

The unconstitutionality of the Oil and Gas Law inTthe Kurdistan Region No. (22) of 2007

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 14 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Comparison between Rush Model Parameters to Completed and Lost Data by Different Methods of Processing Missing Data

The current study aims to compare between the assessments of the Rush model’s parameters to the missing and completed data in various ways of processing the missing data. To achieve the aim of the present study, the researcher followed the following steps: preparing Philip Carter test for the spatial capacity which consists of (20) items on a group of (250) sixth scientific stage students in the directorates of Baghdad Education at Al–Rusafa (1st, 2nd and 3rd) for the academic year (2018-2019). Then, the researcher relied on a single-parameter model to analyze the data. The researcher used Bilog-mg3 model to check the hypotheses, data and match them with the model. In addition

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2015
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Views of Amadi and Gorgani In the metaphor in their books budget and mediation

The research revolves around the views of Al-Amadi and Al-Jurjani in the metaphors in their books, balancing Abu Tammam and Al-Bohtari, and mediation between Mutanabi and his opponents. And others whose poems were cited. One of the most important things we have reached is: the critics release the term metaphor to take sometimes and mean to take the meaning or steal it, and analyzed the evidence of metaphor as a rhetorical art in the light of what he heard about the former Arab poets, rejected the unusual metaphor out of use, and reclaimed the familiar metaphor. The research after submitted to the topics are: the first: Al-Amadi and his budget book, the second: Al-Jurjani and his book of mediation, and the third is divided into three dema

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 13 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Study of the Relationship between Some Microorganism Isolated from Congenital Anomalies Neonatal Screening and Their Mothers in Iraqi Patient

Objectives : This study was seeks to determine the IgG and IgM in serum mothers and their babies of Iraqi patient suffering from congenital anomalies toward some microorganisms such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Congenital toxoplasmosis , Congenital rubella and Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) correlated with age and babies gender the sample was collected from AL- Alwayia hospital for children / Baghdad . Methodology : Fifth blood sample have been collected from mothers and their babies suffering from congenital anomalies to detection IgG and IgM of some viruses including as Cytomegalovirus (CMV), congenital tox

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Causal relationship between sugar prices, imported sun flower oil, crude oil prices and the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar

Abstract

The increasing of some traded Agricultural crops prices coincide with the increasing of crude oil prices in global market since the beginning of 21st century which indicate the possibility of short run and long run causality relation between the imported economic variables. The study aims to analysis the causality effects between some of Agricultural crops prices imported by Iraq and the prices of crude oil and Iraq dinar exchange rate   in global markets for period (2004:1 -2016:4) theory for developing the adequate price and economic police for Iraqi economic sector. The results show the existence of short- run and long- run between the eco

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
measure the relationship between imported inflation and foreign trade in the Iraqi economy for long 1990-2015 using model nardl

The study aims to discuss the relation between imported inflation and international trade of Iraqi economy for the period (1990-2015) by using annual data. To achieve the study aim, statistical and Econometrics methods are used through NARDL model to explain non-linear relation because it’s a model assigned to measure non-linear relations and as we know most economic relations are non-linear, beside explaining positive and negative effects of imported inflation, and to reach the research aim deductive approach was adopted through using descriptive method to describe and determine phenomenon. Beside the inductive approach by g statistical and standard tools to get the standard model explains the

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