Abstract Background: Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure that apically positions the gingival edge and/or removes supporting bone in order to increase the amount of supra gingival tooth structure for restorative or cosmetic purposes.

The objective of the study: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the 940nm diode laser in esthetic crown lengthening surgery through clinical observations, patient questionnaires, clinical photographs, and gingival healing following gingival operations. Material and methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 16 patients (11 females and 5 males) had their crowns surgically lengthened using a diode laser (940 nm) in continuou

In this research study theory to find the stress and emotion gases in the glass as a result of exposure to pulses of the laser beam has been the study using vehicles three major on-system axes cylindrical (r, 0, z), where I took three models of glass silica glass soda glass fused and shedtwo types of lasers where the study showed that the thermal stresses and emotions ...

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   Thsst researcher problem of delays faced by researchers are all waiting to evaluate their standards by the experts who must take their views to extract the truth Virtual important step first step in building standards whatsoever, then the difference of opinion among experts about the paragraphs Whatever the scope of their functions, leading to confusion in maintaining these paragraphs or delete? Or ignore the views and opinion of the researcher to maintain the same? Or as agreed upon with the supervisor if he was a student? Especially if the concepts of a modern new building.
   Therefore, the researcher sought to try to find a solution to her problem to conduct an experiment to test building steps

We need to know the basic facts concerning planning top and bottom limits including any critical levels or the threshold over which the cost would be much higher for land development. Therefore this paper concerned with Baghdad Municipality decision No.2/1004 dated 7/12/2004. The reason behind this decision is the hope to face up at least in the severe housing crisis in the city of Baghdad. This paper attempts to know the attitude of the local community in the general through a field study of people living near such dwelling where third floors are added of. This might indicate any positive or negative effects whether on short or long-term including its effect on the theoretical side including the population growth of Baghdad, the

Severe periodontitis is ranked as the sixth most prevalent disease affecting humankind, with an estimated 740 million people affected worldwide. The diagnosis of periodontal diseases mainly relies upon assessment of conventional clinical parameters. However, these parameters reflect past, rather than current, clinical status or future disease progression and, likely, outcome of periodontal treatment. Specific and sensitive biomarkers for periodontal diseases have been examined widely to address these issues and some biomarkers have been translated as point-of-care (PoC) tests. The aim of this review was to provide an update on PoC tests for use in the diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases. Among the PoC tests developed so

The survey and checklist of invasive species of the insects in some different localities of Iraq are revised; 24 invasive species were documented until December 2018 during the current investigations. The species distributions, common names and synonyms are given.

The current investigation included all of exotic species in Iraq, which are not collected during this study.

Tax fraud is following different methods of tax evasion (bypassing the laws, instructions and regulations related to tax) by not showing the real taxable income by using laws, instructions and regulations improperly, and because of the weak basic role of forensic accounting in detecting and reducing tax fraud, the problem has become more influential on the state general tax income. The main objective of the research is to identify forensic accounting and the extent to how it can be applied in the General Tax Authority to assist forensic authorities in issuing judgments in fraud cases. To achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive analytical approach was used to reach the topic of the research, and a questionnaire (co

Kriging, a geostatistical technique, has been used for many years to evaluate groundwater quality. The best estimation data for unsampled points were determined by using this method depending on measured variables for an area. The groundwater contaminants assessment worldwide was found through many kriging methods. The present paper shows a review of the most known methods of kriging that were used in estimating and mapping the groundwater quality. Indicator kriging, simple kriging, cokriging, ordinary kriging, disjunctive kriging and lognormal kriging are the most used techniques. In addition, the concept of the disjunctive kriging method was explained in this work to be easily understood.