للدراسات التاريخية أهميتها ولاسيما دراسة المؤلفات الذي يعطينا صورة كاملة عن تطور الواقع التاريخي للمرحلة التي عاصرها المؤلف وتكتب دراسة الشخصيات العلمية طابعاً خاصاً ومهم يدفعنا إلى التعريف بالمؤرخ ومنهجه في الكتاب والموارد التي استقى معلوماتهِ منها . 

The research aims to diagnose the level of reflection of uncertainty management strategies (Ignoring uncertainty, knowledge generation , interaction , coping) managing of Organizational change strategies (power coercive, rational empirical, Normative reductive) to the importance of the two subjects and the importance of the expected results has been selected sample size (65) managers from Zain , Asia Cell Telecommunication (32 Zain and 33 company Asia),which alignment for the such a study being heavily dependent on the certainty or uncertainty subject . The researchers are attain there is the effect of uncertainty management strategies in Organizational change management strategies on the overall level in the two companies but have tended t

يُعدّ الوجود احد أعمق المواضيع التي تناولها الفلاسفة على مرّ العصور، إذ يشتمل على تساؤلات حول الحياة والموت وغاية الوجود والحرية الإنسانية، وغيرها من التساؤلات التي نشأت مع نشوء الانسان. وقد لعب الفلاسفة، قديمهم وحديثهم، دورًا أساسيًا في إرساء دعائم الفكر الوجودي المعاصر؛ إلا أننا, مع ذلك, لا نستطيع إنكار دور الدين في التأثير على الفكر الفلسفي الوجودي بشكل عام. وقد انعكست أفكار الوجودية الفلسفية المعاصرة في

The Ottomans ruled Turkey for nearly six centuries, during which the Ottoman Empire passed through varying periods in terms of strength, influence, and the area of ​​land they ruled.  In the last decade of its rule, the Ottoman Empire was severely weakened in all political, military, administrative and economic aspects. In addition to the internal strife that was stirred up by the leaders of the Association (Union and Progression), that organization that led the coup movement against the Ottoman Empire later.

After the abolition of the Sultanate and the proclamation of the Turkish Republic, the social fabric in Turkey changed, and many customs and traditions alien to it emerged to society. One of the thing

It is from the greatness of God Almighty and from him that he facilitated for me to delve into the immersion of the hadith of the Prophet in my doctoral dissertation, then I found it a fertile ground for the cultivation of scientific results.
Through this work, I chose the topic (Replies of Al-Aini to Ibn Malik in his book Umdat Al-Qari Sharh Sahih Al-Bukhari) because of its scientific impact, as such topics inspire in the soul of the follower and the student a lot of contemplation and great care to understand the texts and then come up with a result that is almost close. It is correct, and my current situation in this research is the condition of many scholars, not without errors and omissions. Whatever was correct is by the grace of

Post-structural critical studies highlighted the importance of studying the texts surrounding the text as an important part in the process of receiving and understanding texts, and although this topic was dealt with by the ancient Arabs and Europeans, interest in it appeared clearly after the appearance of Gerard Genet's book (SEUILS), which separated it Text Thresholds. Or what he called paratexte, and dealt with them with interest as he reads them on books. With the development of semiotic studies, interest in paratexte studies began in a broader way and in various literary and non-literary texts, including journalistic texts. And since specialized magazines are one of the press releases that enjoy their privacy in terms of topics and

Unter Exilliteratur versteht man „die literarische Produktion von Autoren, die wegen politischer, religiöser oder rassistischer Verfolgung gezwungen sind, sich an einem anderen als dem von ihnen gewünschten Lebens- und Arbeitsort aufzuhalten.“[1] Deswegen unterscheidet sich „Migration“ von „Exil“ dadurch, dass sie freiwillige Auswanderung ist. Bereits in der Antike und auch im Mittelalter gab es Schriftsteller, die vor Zensur oder politischer Verfolgung ins Exil geflohen sind, wie zum Beispiel der griechische Satiriker des 

A survey of blood parasites among members of two species of Iraqi babblers Timaliidae,
Turodoides caudatus salvadori (de Fillipi, 1865) and Turdoides alterostris (Hartert, 1909)
was carried out in the middle and south of Iraq. Two species of haematozoa were recovered,
Haemoproteus turdoidus sp. nov. and Plasmodium relictum Grassi &Felleti. The description
of the new taxon is provided and discussed with pertinent literature.

The importance of news broadcasts in society has increased after the domination of television over the mass media, especially after emerging the satellite channels, and spreading the satellite dishes among the public at large.

As well as the great role played by the modern technology in the transmission of news and events happening at once. Such role has contributed, significantly, in changing the concept and values ​​of the news. The live broadcast of the events filmed is the news itself.

In the midst of the great transformations and circumstances that Iraq went through after 2003, which witnessed political and security instability, and the large increase in the number of media, especially satellite channels, in Iraq