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Takfir is an ancient phenomenon that accompanied the emergence of Islam, and this phenomenon took its political dimension during the time of the fourth Rashidi Caliph with the emergence ofthe Kharijites sect that disbelieved many Muslims.

The study started from the hypothesis that "contemporary Islamicmovements and organizations have relied in their takfir on the ideas and fatwas presented by the predecessors which applied ontocontemporary rea

Objective: To evaluate the functional outcome of percutaneous cross two K wires fixation for Gartland types II and III fractures of humerus. Methodology: This prospective study included80 patients with supracondylar humeral fracture, who underwent closed reduction and fixation by two crossed Kirschner wires. We included children with age < 15 years with closed fractures with Gartland types II and III, while the patient with vascular injury, open, irreducible fractures were excluded. The patients were following up for 6 months and assessed functionally by Flynn’s criteria. Results: The mean age of patients was 8.1 years. Trauma while child playing was the main mechanism of injury in 43 (59.8%) children and 46 (57.5%) fractures were of the

Background:. Children with spina bifida occulta require early surgery to prevent neurological deficits. The treatment of patients with a congenitally tethered cord who present in adulthood remains controversial.

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the outcome obtained in 61 adult patients with congenital TCS and no prior surgical treatment who underwent surgical untethering.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 61 adult patients who underwent surgical untethering for spina bifida occulta at four neurosurgical centers in Baghdad / Iraq  between March 2000 and January 2018. Patients who had undergone prior myelomeningocele repair or tet

The study deals with the effectiveness of satellite channels in spreading the culture of volunteer work among young people. It is an applied study aimed at understanding the extent to which the sample understands the culture of volunteering, determining the type of relationship between the satellite channels programs and the perception of the sample of the culture of voluntary work and the relationship between the characteristics of the sample and the effect of satellite channels in their directions, And to identify the relationship between the demographic variables of the sample and to participate in voluntary work.
A sample study was conducted for students of faculties of the University of Baghdad, consisting of (150) single male an

       Fraud crimes, which is a form of crimes against the funds in public office, is one of the crimes of traditional and cutting-edge in the same time, but it took a distinct character from other traditional crimes because of what is based upon, behavioral fundamentals and foundations and expressive image of personal qualities, concentrated in the mental work, the inventive sophistication, and skillful abilities of the perpetrators of these crimes, in addition to what is owned by crooks today a behavioral ability represented in underestimating laws and instructions. Fraud is considered one of the organized crime methods It is the most important method of its methods, all crimes practiced by the cro

The study aims at knowing students’ academic assistance at the Department of Kindergarten. It further aims to know the difference of academic assistance among these students with respects to variables like (college of education for women, Baghdad, Thi-Qar). It also aims to know about the difference according to the academic level variable, in addition to its relation to some other variables. To achieve the objectives of the study, a number of university female students were selected from both Baghdad an Thi-Qar Universities in the academic year 2019-2020. The sample of the participants consisted of (400) students from the (second, third, and fourth) levels. To measure the study variable represented by the concept of academic assistance

This research explains to us the role of the Islamic religion in the issue of accuracy in speech and work, and how it is closely related to human production in his life, and Islam affirms that his idea is mainly reflected in his production, and how it affects the perception of the meaning of creativity. Therefore, our Islam affirmed the accuracy in every word or work we do to build a society in which people enjoy high quality in ethics and dedication in their work so that the Islamic system depends on humanity to preserve our rights on the other hand the research discusses the deliberate default and how it reflects on our production and how it makes it less good.

 Chapter One : the importance of research and the need for it .
       He has developed the concept of the curriculum has evolved as other educational concepts . Because the world has become a small village due to modern technology and are used in various aspects of life , and the rapid communication between the world can be accessed easily and conveniently . And that the purpose of education citizens who create social functions which ones to keep the culture , upgrade and repair flaws, and aims to develop the capacity of the individual and the preparations in the footsteps of scientific and technological development .
- The goal of research : The research aims to:
1 . What is the

The UN organization is considered one of the most important organizations at the international level. It has accomplished multiple tasks and roles of many different issues and events that hit the developing and advanced world countries. It has performed a series of procedures and laws that have had an impact on ending the wars and conflicts that plagued some countries and continued for a period of time in the past. Moreover, it has improved the level of the international relations between a number of countries due to the problems and incidents took place between them. It has relied on finding solutions and treatments for humanitarian problems such as the preservation of the environment, preventing the spread of epidemics and diseases Thi