The role of internal control is based on the effectiveness of the budget through an analysis of the reality of the budget in the research sample as it was studied in the preparation and preparation stages and the implementation stage. The sample showed that the sample did not comply with what is stated in the Ministry of Finance publication of instructions and ceilings. In the process of preparing and resulting from the occurrence of deviations in large proportions both in the discussion of the Ministry of Finance or when implementation as a low rate of implementation and the absence of allocations for some items, although there is a need for them as well as the transfer of large proportions of transfers both up or down and the purpose of the research to highlight the role Which is played by the internal audit and the reflection of this role on the effectiveness of the budget through the stages of the budget resulting in positive results in the implementation of the most important conclusions lack of a role of internal control in the process of preparation and preparation, despite the text of the Ministry of Finance on the contribution of the Internal Audit Department and the rest of the sections concerned and not The most important recommendations were the need to adopt standards and scientific or practical foundations when preparing budget estimates, increasing the independence of internal control and expanding its activity, and not limited to routine work to cover all events. Including participation in the preparation and audit of budget estimates.
Value Engineering is an analytical study on projects or services using a specific procedure and a multidisciplinary working group, works for the identification and classification of the project functions; either for a better perfuming of these functions or to lessen the total project cost or the two together. Value Engineering main aim is on finding innovative alternatives, without effecting the basic requirements of the project, its methodology based on the functional balancing between the three elements of production "performance, quality and cost". This methodology based on the "functional analysis", had shown high possibilities in solving any problem facing the production procedure , achieve better investment for available re
... Show MoreElection study included four sites for the waters in area of Youssifiyah south of Baghdad (river water, tank water, liquefactions water, and water filtrate and seethed and purifier by alum and chloride), the samples were collected during the month of June in 2007. Temperature, electrical conductivity and acidity are measured. Also , the concentration of chloride , sulphate , carbonate , nitrate , sodium , calcium , magnesium , hard total and total dissolved substances are determined , as well as heavy metals assess environmental risk (such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe). It was also a study of bacterial totals included both total Bacteria (TB) and Total Coliform Bacteria (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) and Fecal Streptococci (FS). The stu
... Show MoreThe aim of the research is to know the effect of a training program based on interactive teaching strategies on achievement and creative problem solving among fourth-grade students in chemistry of the directorate of education Rusafa first, the sample was divided into two groups, one experimental and numbering (29) students and the other control group numbering (30) students. The experimental group underwent the training program in the first semester of the year (2021-2022) and the control one studied according to the usual method. Two tools were built, the first being an academic achievement test consisting of (40) multiple-choice items, and the second a test of creative problem-solving skills in a chemistry subject and consisting o
... Show MoreTwo new nonsymmetrical mesogenic homologous series of terminal substituent ether (series [Vn]) and carboxy (series [VIn]) incorporating azobenzene and 1,3,4-oxadiazole group were synthesized. Both series have been All compounds thus isolated were purified and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, 1H NMR, along with thermal analysis and texture observation using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Polarizing Optical Microscopy (POM), respectively. All compounds of the first series exhibited liquid crystalline properties. The homologues [V1]-[V3] display a nematic mesophase, the compounds [V4]-[V7] exhibit a dimorphism behavior, nematic (N) and smectic A (SmA) mesophases, the compounds [V8] and
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The purpose of this research is to improve the organizational performance of the Oil Projects Company by adopting an approach to strategic change، and finding appropriate solutions to the problems facing the company. The researcher adopted in designing his research by conducting a survey of previous literature that dealt with approaches to strategic change، as the results of the survey showed that most researchers agree on the approach of renewal and modernization، Which formed a starting point for the researcher to identify the extent of the company's management interest in renewal and modernization to improve its level of performance، and the quality of the procedures followed on the ground that is related to
... Show MoreBackground: Fertility plays great role in animal reproduction since high quality semen improves sheep industry reproduction. The current worldwide data revealed the closely related of CNP to reproductive function of rams. Aims: Evaluation the effect of CNP on cooled sperms using the traditional and molecular assays. Methods: Totally, 20 testicular samples were collected, processed to obtain the semen samples and divided into two parts; one treated with the suitable dose of CNP and the otherserved as a control. Sperm samples of both groups were cooled for 3 days and tested at 0 0h, 24h, 48h and 72h. Results: The findings revealed that the suitable dose of CNP-treated sperms was 0.0110-13. Values individual motility, live sperm
... Show MoreThe study aims to find out the effectiveness of using the Google classroom educational platform in teaching mathematics curricula from the viewpoint of teachers in the Governorate of Al Dhahirah, Sultanate of Oman. The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach. To collect the needed data, a questionnaire of two dimensions was used. It includes (13) items to measure the effectiveness of using the Google classroom in teaching mathematics curricula from the teacher's point of view and includes (10) items to measure the difficulties of using the Google classroom in teaching mathematics curricula from the teachers' point of view. These tools were applied to (32) male and (31) female as the study sample. They represent mathematics
... Show MoreThe research aims to learn spatial disparities tracts of agricultural crops in the
province of Maysan and their relationship (the salinity of the soil and the degree of chemical
interaction (PH)) The research is divided into an introduction and three Investigation eat first
section spatial disparities agricultural crops (cereals, vegetables, legumes and forage). The
comparison between the years of production in the province where the province has seen
varied spatial by hand and taking second section degrees of soil salinity and its impact on
agriculture, as well as the chemical reaction (PH) and its impact on agriculture The third
section has been used three technical techniques first linkage and the second simple an
The plant licorice is considered important plants as nutritionally and medically and economically, as a rich in phytochemical, vitamins and minerals, and being widely available, Research indicated the presence of many nutrients such as (proteins, Carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals) as well as presence of Glycyrrhizin which responsible of sweet taste, that allowing the possibility to use it as natural intensity sweetener with few calories in Sweetening of many food. This research is aimed to study the Stability of Glycyrrhizin toward the various manufacturing conditions such as (thermal treatment, pH of foods and microwaves), so three factorial experiments was implemented to find out the Stability as following: 100C° - 121C° - Microwa
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