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Tax Justice and its Effect in Tax Compliance
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Abstract

                 The research aims to verify the dimensions of tax justice that exist in Iraq, and to determine their impact on tax compliance. Through a revised model of tax justice based on the literature of tax justice according to the classification of the studies of (Saad, 2009), (Wenzel, 2002), by using a questionnaire as an experimental measurement tool designed to be in line with perceptions of tax justice in Iraq. To define the dimensions of tax justice (the independent variable) with eight dimensions (Distributive justice, Exchange justice, Vertical justice, Horizontal justice, Retributive justice, procedural justice, administrative justice) and measure its impact on tax compliance (the dependent variable). The number of distributed questionnaires was (49). Distributed to a number of professionals and academics in the field of specialization. A set of statistical methods were used to study the relationship between the two research variables, using the statistical program (SPSS) to analyze the data and calculate (the arithmetic mean, correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, F test, R2 coefficient of determination, T test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient). The results of the research showed that there is a relationship and a positive effect of significant significance between tax justice and tax compliance. And that the most influential dimensions of tax justice in tax compliance were the exchange justice dimension and the distributive justice dimension, while the least influential dimensions in tax compliance came personal justice dimension. The research recommended using the proposed model of tax justice perceptions presented in this study, by financial policy makers, to create a fairer tax system that enables taxpayers and the General Tax Authority to establish a more effective system, to enhance the level of tax compliance.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Specific activities and radiation hazard parameters calculations of natural radionuclides in AL-Mustansiriyah university soils using NaI(Tl) detector
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The specific activities of the natural radionuclides U-238 and Th-
232 and K-40 in 14 soil samples collected from different sites from
AL-Mustansiriyah university at two depths (topsoil "surface" and
20cm depth) were be investigated using gamma ray spectrometer
3"x3" NaI(Tl) scintillation detector.
The analysis of the energy spectra of the soil samples show that
these samples have specific activities ranging with (16.08-51.11)
Bq/kg for U-238, (14.79-52.29) Bq/kg for Th-232 and (191.08-
377.64) Bq/kg for K-40, with an average values of 29.37, 34.14 and
289.62 Bq/kg for U-238, Th-232, k-40 respectively. The radiation
hazard parameters of the natural radionuclides; radium equivalent
activity (Raeq), gamma a

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 05 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study the structural and optical properties of titanium oxide thin film, doped with chromium prepared in Sol-Gel method
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This paper presents the effect of Cr doping on the optical and structural properties of TiO2 films synthesized by sol-gel and deposited by the dip- coating technique. The characteristics of pure and Cr-doped TiO2 were studied by absorption and X-ray diffraction measurement. The spectrum of UV absorption of TiO2 chromium concentrations indicates a red shift; therefore, the energy gap decreases with increased doping. The minimum value of energy gap (2.5 eV) is found at concentration of 4 %. XRD measurements show that the anatase phase is shown for all thin films. Surface morphology measurement by atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that the roughness of thin films decrease with doping and has a minimum value with 4 wt % doping ratio.

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 25 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Simulation of thermal lensing in an end-pumped Nd:YAG laser rod with Gaussian and super-Gaussian pump beam profile
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A numerical simulation is made on the thermal lensing effect in an laser diode end-pumped Nd:YAG laser rod. Based on finite element method (FEM), the laser rod temperature distribution is calculated and the focal length is deduced for a Gaussian and super-Gaussian pump beam profiles.

At the pump power of 20W, the highest temperature located at the center of end-pumped face was 345K, and the thermal lens focal length was 81.4mm along the x-z axis. 

The results indicate that the thermal lensing effect sensitively depend on the pump power, waist radius of the pump beam and the pump distribution in a laser rod geometry.

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Revista Iberoamericana De Psicología Del Ejercicio Y El Deporte
THE IMPACT OF ENGINEERING ANXIETY ON STUDENTS: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY IN THE FIELDS OF SPORT, ECONOMICS, AND TEACHING METHODS
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2019
Journal Name
Applied Water Science
Hydrochemistry as a tool for interpreting brine origin and chemical equilibrium in oilfields: Zubair reservoir southern Iraq case study
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Publication Date
Fri Nov 15 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Impact of Geomagnetic Storms on the Ionospheric Critical Frequency in the Northern and Southern Mid-Latitude Hemisphere Regions
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In this work, the impact of different geomagnetic storm events on the plasma-sphere layer (ionosphere layer) over the northern and southern hemisphere regions was investigated during solar cycle 23. To grasp the influence of geomagnetic storms on the behavior and variation of the critical frequency parameter of the F2 ionospheric layer (foF2), five geomagnetic storms (classified as great, severe, and strong), with Disturbance storm time (Dst) values <-100 nT were chosen. Four stations located in different mid-latitude regions in northern and southern hemispheres were designated, the northern stations are: Millstone Hill (42.6° N, 288.50° W) and Rome (41.90° N, 12.50° E) and the southern stations are: Port Stanley (-51.60° S,

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 17 2022
Journal Name
Open Access Macedonian Journal Of Medical Sciences
Clinical Characteristics and Antibiotics Sensitivity of Culture Positive Typhoid Fever Patients in Baghdad Teaching Hospital - A Single Center Study
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BACKGROUND: Enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi is an endemic disease in Iraq. Variations in presentations make it a diagnostic challenge. If untreated or treated inappropriately then it is a serious disease with potentially life-threatening complications. The recent emergence of drug resistant strains of S. Typhi is a rising public health problem and a clinical concern to the physician. AIM: The objectives of the study were to assess and describe the patterns of antimicrobial resistance, clinical characteristics, epidemiological distribution, and complications of typhoid fever. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty cases of typhoid fever (culture proven) were collected during the period from February 2019 to November 2019 in the me

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 03 2023
Journal Name
The Egyptian Journal Of Hospital Medicine
High Tumor Levels of Ki-67, VEGF and Endostatin Are Associated with Progression of Breast Cancer in Iraqi Women
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Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most widespread cancer among women worldwide. Its incidence and mortality rates have risen in the previous three decades as a result of changes in risk factor profiles, improved cancer registry, and cancer detection. Objective: The study's goals were to establish if Ki-67 could be used as a potential marker in serum of cancer disease patients as well as their interaction with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and ES in various stages of breast cancer to assess their function in the progression of BC. Materials and Methods: The levels of Ki-67, VEGF and endostatin (ES) in serum were assessed by commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits in 60 women diagnosed with breast cancer

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Energy Storage
A hybrid solidification enhancement in a latent-heat storage system with nanoparticles, porous foam, and fin-aided foam strips
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 28 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Nitric Oxide, Peroxynitrite and Malondialdehyde Levels as Markers for Nitrosative/Oxidative Stress in Iraqi Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
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Systemic lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology affecting multiple organ system. Reactive nitrogen and oxygen species are claimed to play a role in this disease. However, the potential of Nitrosative/Oxidative Stress to elicit an autoimmune, response remain till now largely unexplored in humans. This study was done to investigate the status and contribution of nitrosative/oxidative stress in Iraqi patients for systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood samples from 19 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 19 age-and sex- matched apparently healthy controls were evaluated for serum levels of nitrosative/oxidative stress markers including nitric oxide, peroxynitrite and malondialdehyde. Nitric oxide levels were

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