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The effect of progressive income tax on inflation in Iraq for the period from 1995 to 2020 : applied research
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                Inflation is one of the important issues that the economic authorities in all countries of the world care about, where the loss of money for its function is one of the most important and largest inflationary effects that this phenomenon leaves on the economy, and Iraq, like other countries, has had its share of the problem of inflation for a long time due to the circumstances that He went through it, whether it was the wars he fought or the economic blockade that was imposed on him in the nineties of the last century. Economically, the problem of inflation is addressed through the use of fiscal policy tools, including tax increases in order to absorb the cash surplus. Therefore, the research problem was an attempt to answer the following question And during the research period from 1995 to 2020: _ Do progressive income taxes affect inflation rates? In order to achieve the aim of the research, a descriptive-inductive method was chosen in presenting the theoretical foundations, while on the applied side, the analytical and quantitative approach was used to analyze the financial data obtained from the General Authority for Taxes and the Ministry of Planning.

                 The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are:

 1- The inflation rate began to rise significantly in Iraq in the nineties, especially after the decisions of economic sanctions, and the inflation recorded a remarkable increase, reaching its highest rate in 1995, then the rate decreased in 1996 after Iraq’s agreement with the United Nations (oil for food and medicine) and the problem of inflation increased after the events of 2003, due to the cessation of productive institutions from work and the imbalance between the economic sectors.

 2- The inflation rate decreased in 2009, reaching 2.8%, due to the coordinated measures between monetary and fiscal policy in order to achieve economic stability and eliminate inflation and recession.

 3- According to the results of the functions that appeared in the statistical analysis: Income tax had no significant effect on inflation, which indicates that the imposition of income tax is not considered a solution to this economic problem (inflation).

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2015
Journal Name
Nano Science And Nano Technology
Preparation CuInSe2 (CIS) by arrested precipitation method as alight absorption layer of photovoltaic solar-cells
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The CuInSe2 (CIS) nanocrystals are synthesized by arrested precipitation from molecular precursors are added to a hot solvent with organic cap- ping ligands to control nanocrystal formation and growth. CIS thin films deposited onto glass substrate by spray - coating, then selenized in Ar- atmosphere to form CIS thin films. PVs were made with power conversion efficiencies of 0.631% as -deposited and 0.846% after selenization, for Mo coated, under AM 1.5 illumination. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis it is evident that CIS have the chalcopyrite structure as the major phase with a preferred orientation along (112) direction and the atomic ratio of Cu : In : Se in the nanocrystals is nearly 1 : 1 : 2

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Craniomaxillofacial Research & Innovation
Partial Bone Necrosis Following Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy: Report of a Complicated Orthognathic Jaw Surgery
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Study Design

Case Report.

Objective

To present a case of a previous complicated mandibular orthognathic surgery that aimed to setback the mandible in a female cleft lip and palate (CLP) patient, which led to bone necrosis on one side with subsequent severe mandibular deviation and facial asymmetry. We additionally reviewed the previous reports of similar complications, the pathophysiology and the factors that could lead to this dreadful result.

Method

A 27-year-old female patient presented with a severe dentofacial deformity secondary to a complicated bilateral sagittal spli

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 30 2014
Journal Name
International Journal Of Advanced Research In Science, Engineering And Technology
Structural Characteristics and photoconductivity of Cerium doped Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles synthesized via coprecipitation method
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ZnS:Ce3+ nanoparticles were prepared by a simple microwave irradiation method under mild condition. The starting materials for the synthesis of ZnS:Ce3+ quantum dots were zinc acetate (R & M Chemical) as zinc source, thioacetamide as a sulfur source, cerium chloride as cerium source and ethylene glycol as a solvent. All chemicals were analytical grade products and used without further purification. The quantum dots of ZnS:Ce3+ with cubic structure were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the morphology of the film is seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also by field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and XRD. Upon exposure to 460 nm light at zero bias voltage, ZnS:Ce3+/p-Si showed a high sensitivity of 4000% an

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Data In Brief
Chemical and structural data of (1, 2, 3-triazol-4-yl) pyridine-containing coordination compounds
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The data presented in this paper are related to the research article entitled “Novel dichloro(bis{2-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-κN3 ]pyridine-κN})metal(II) coordination compounds of seven transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd)” (Conradie et al., 2018) [1]. This paper presents characterization and structural data of the 2-(1-(4-methyl-phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine ligand (L2 ) (Tawfiq et al., 2014) [2] as well as seven dichloro(bis{2- [1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-κN3 ]pyridine-κN})metal (II) coordination compounds, [M(L2 )2Cl2], all containing the same ligand but coordinated to different metal ions. The data illustrate the shift in IR, UV/VIS, and NMR (for diamagnetic complexes) peaks wh

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 14 2014
Journal Name
Molecular Crystals And Liquid Crysta
Synthesis and Mesomorphic Behavior of Two New Homologous Series Containing Azobenzene and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Units
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Two new nonsymmetrical mesogenic homologous series of terminal substituent ether (series [Vn]) and carboxy (series [VIn]) incorporating azobenzene and 1,3,4-oxadiazole group were synthesized. Both series have been All compounds thus isolated were purified and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, 1H NMR, along with thermal analysis and texture observation using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Polarizing Optical Microscopy (POM), respectively. All compounds of the first series exhibited liquid crystalline properties. The homologues [V1]-[V3] display a nematic mesophase, the compounds [V4]-[V7] exhibit a dimorphism behavior, nematic (N) and smectic A (SmA) mesophases, the compounds [V8] and

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 02 2024
Journal Name
مجلة القادسية لللقانون والعلوم السياسية
Strategies of Israeli National Security towards Syrian Border Cities after 2011 (Quneitra, Swayda, and Daraa)
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Although Israel's national security strategy, shaped by Ben Gurion in the 1950s, has remained steadfast, Israeli leaders have been keen to adapt and change some of its means and tools to maintain its national security. These changes were a response and adaptation to the complex and geostrategic transformations in the region since the end of the cold war. Traditional challenges to Israel's national security have declined as unconventional challenges have increased. This shift has adversely affected the efficiency and effectiveness of Israel's national security strategies. It has become necessary for Israel to confront regional actions taken by minor states and regional actors that have ensured the accumulation of its military capabilities. M

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Tetrahedron
Novel bent-core mesogenic of 4-amino-triazole derivatives: synthesis, characterization and liquid crystalline study
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Publication Date
Fri Oct 01 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Geomate
NONLINEAR SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF TAPERED REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN (SOLID AND HOLLOW) BEHAVIOR UNDER AXIAL LOAD
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 17 2020
Journal Name
Optical And Quantum Electronics
Photocatalytic activity of Ag-doped TiO2 nanostructures synthesized by DC reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 08 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Structure and optical properties of PANI/MWCNTs nanocomposites thin films prepared by plasma jet polymerization
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Polyaniline Multi walled Carbon nanotubes (PANI/MWCNTs) nanocomposite thin films have been prepared by non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jet on glass substrate with different weight percentage of MWCNTs 1, 2, 3, 4%. The diameter of the MWCNTs was in the range of 8-55 nm and length - - 55 55 μm. the nanocomposite thin films were characterized by UV-VIS, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The optical studies show that the energy band gap of PANI/MWCNTs nanocomposites thin films will be different according to the MWCNTs polyaniline concentration. The XRD pattern indicates that the synthesized PANI/MWCNTs nanocomposite is amorphous. FTIR reveals the presence of MWCNTs nanoparticle embedded into polyaniline. SEM surface images show that the MWCNT

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