Controlling public expenditures is one of the main objectives of the public budget. The public budget often suffers from a deficit, whether in developed or developing countries, because expenditures are usually greater than the revenues generated. This requires the existence of financial rules that are adhered to by the government, which in turn leads to discipline. Fiscal policy leads to a reduction in the obligations incumbent on the government.  Adhering to the financial rules would correct the course of fiscal policy in Iraq, with the need to direct oil revenues in the years of financial abundance when global oil prices rise to sovereign funds similar to other rentier countries, which contributes to maintaining the stabi

The aim of the research is to identify to what extent to which Malcolm Baldrige standards of total quality are applied in the after-sales services of a private sector company for electrical appliances, from the point of view of administrative leaders, in it. To achieve this aim a questionnaire has been used to measure the degree of application of Malcolm’s seven criteria for total quality, namely: (leadership, strategic planning, focus on the customer, measurement and analysis and knowledge management, focus in human resource and operation management and results of the company’s management), the research found that the company achieved a good level of the standard from the de

يهدف البحث الى تقديم استراتيجية مقترحة لشركة نفط الشمال ، وأخذت الاستراتيجية المقترحة بنظر الاعتبار الظروف البيئية المحيطة واعتمدت في صياغتها على اسس وخطوات علمية تتسم بالشمولية والواقعية ، اذ انها غطت الانشطة الرئيسية في الشركة (نشاط الانتاج والاستكشاف , نشاط التكرير والتصفية , التصدير ونقل النفط , نشاط البحث والتطوير , النشاط المالي , تقنية المعلومات , الموارد البشرية ) وقد اعتمد نموذج (David) في التحليل البيئي

This research presents a statistical study of radiation generated from communication towers in the Nineveh Plain region Baghdeda. The intensity of radiation energy was measured at 10 meters away from the communication tower in different locations, using a (1PC XH-901 Dosimeter/ Personal Dose Alarm / Radiation Detector, dosage rate: 0.01 μSv/h to 150μSv/h) to measure the amount of radiation at various times. Energy densities were measured and compared with standard limits provided by other authorities, such as the International Committee for Radiation Protection. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 26 to implement the data. The results show that the means of the radiation levels measured at all the zones do not statistically differ

The present study aimed to identify the availability of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) standards in the content of mathematics textbooks at the basic education stage in the Sultanate of Oman. The study used the descriptive-analytical approach, adopting the method of content analysis through using a content analysis tool that included (43) indicators distributed on the four NCTM standards related to the field of geometry, after verifying their validity and reliability. The study population consisted of mathematics textbooks (first and second semesters) for ninth-grade students in the Sultanate of Oman in the academic year 2018/2019, while the sample consisted of Geometry units in the content of those books, which a

This research seeks to explore the impact of notifications on enhancing user engagement with websites, primarily through user subscriptions and their interaction with notifications on these websites. The significance of this study lies in its implications for crafting compelling headlines that capture users' attention, streamline their access to journalistic content, and align with the objectives and editorial policies of news websites. It sheds light on the factors influencing users' preferences for specific notifications and their engagement with content based on their individual interests, motivations, and the satisfaction derived from such interactions.
The researcher has reached several key findings, inc

Our research tends to study the poetic attempt of  Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab and examine it stylistically, and we suggested his mature collection '' Rain song'' as a pattern for our textual analysis of the poet's attempt.

   In the beginning , we confirm that branches of applied structures meet to produce poetry such as narration , drama , cinema , mythology , allegory , various religious and historical texts , previous events , and special cumentary events related to work production. If all above-mentioned was complicated and disregarded throughout a single text , the text writer would not secure positive results that might keep open continuity between him and his readers.

   Therefore , this issue w

Chukar partridge Alectoris chukar (Gray, 1830) is the only species of the 46 species of the genus Alectoris to be found in Iraq. At least there are fourteen subspecies of chukar were described from east Europe, the Middle East and west Asia, two of them were known to be found in Iraq, A.c. Kurdestanica (Meinertzhagen, 1923) from Alpine bio-geographical zone of altitude more than 2000m high, and A.c. werae Zarundny and Loudon, 1904, from the foothills of altitude not more than 400m. In between these two regions, there is another bio-geographical region known as the Irano-toranian zone 400-2000m high. Using morphological, ecological, behavioural, reproduction and hybridization criteria this study discove

Through this research, We have tried to evaluate the health programs and their effectiveness in improving the health situation through a study of the health institutions reality in Baghdad to identify the main reasons that affect the increase in maternal mortality by using two regression models, "Poisson's Regression Model" and "Hierarchical Poisson's Regression Model". And the study of that indicator (deaths) was through a comparison between the estimation methods of the used models. The "Maximum Likelihood" method was used to estimate the "Poisson's Regression Model"; whereas the "Full Maximum Likelihood" method were used for the "Hierarchical Poisson's Regression Model

There were many ideas and opinions on the linkage between growth and economic reform  in both developed and developing countries. The relationship is, of course, existed. Therefore, this research comes to analyses it in the Iraqi economy. This study is based on a hypothesis that the economic reformation in Iraq leads to lag level of growth with the of high rates of inflation. However, the study is designed to be included five sections. It found a positive relationship between the economic reformation and slowing of economic growth, in which the specified hypothesis is not fit to the economic reality in Iraq after 2003                  &