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اثر العصف الذهني في تحصيل طلبة الصف الثاني متوسط بمادة التاريخ
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أولاً : مشكلة البحث :

أن مشكلة البحث تتمثل بوجود حاجة لتحسين الطرائق والأساليب المتبعة في التدريس ولذلك اتجهت البحوث في مجال التربية وعلم النفس إلى تحديد طرائق التدريس المناسبة لتطوير التفكير.         

ومن هذه الأساليب الحديثة  العصف الذهني بوصفها من اكثر الطرق التي قد  تؤدي إلى تحفيز الطلبة وأثاره القدرات الإبداعية لديهم في حقول التربية والتعليم والتجارة والصناعة والسياسة فضلاً عن العديد من الجهات ذات العلاقة والتي تستفيد من التـطور العـلمي والتـربوي لمـواكبة الـتطورات الـجارية في العالم ومنها مجتمعنا العربي بصورة عـامة وقــــطرنا العـراقي بصـورة خـاصة (مروان ،1999:ص17)

أن المجتمعات المتقدمة لم تحرز تقدمها الحالي ألا بفضل اعتمادها على أساليب التفكير وطرق بحثه الدقيقة ويعد العلم في عصرنا الحالي سلاح الأمم الوحيد في معركة التقدم والرقي واكتساب القوة، فلم تعد المسألة أعدداً بشرية فخمة ولا مساحات شاسعة وانما أصبحت القوة لمن يمتلك ناصية العلم والاختراع .

وتتجلى مشكلة البحث بـــ
  • اعتماد التدريسيين على طرائق التدريس الاعتيادية ( الإلقائية ) التي تجعل من الطالب مستمع فقط ويردد ما يقوله مدرس المادة

 

  • أن كثيراً من الدراسات أكدت على أن الاسئله الامتحانية تعتمد على المستويات الدنيا من التفكير ( حفظ واستذكار ) واهمال المستويات العليا من التفكير ( التحليل والتركيب والتقويم ) ( نعمان ،1993: ص 13 ) ( محمد ، 1987 : ص 12 )

      ولذا ترى الباحثة وعلى حد علمها ونتيجة لاطلاعها على الدراسات التي تخص موضوع البحث أن هناك قصوراً واضحاً للدراسات التي تتوجه نحو طريقة العصف الذهني وندرتها في ميدان طرائق التدريس وكأحد الحلول المقترحة لمواجهة هذا القصور استهدفت الباحثة التعرف على أثر العصف الذهني  في التحصيل الدراسي لطلبة الصف الثاني متوسط في مادة التاريخ

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The invention in the criticism of the Andalusian Muwashah
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The research has arrived to the following results:
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An experimental of kinetics investigation of the solution free radical polymerization of isopropylacrylamide (IPAM) initiated with potassium persulfate (PPS) was conducted. The reactions were carried out at constant temperature of 60 °C in distilled water under unstirred and inert conditions. Using the well-known conversion vs. time technique, the effects of initiator and monomer concentration on the rate of polymerization (Rp) were investigated over a wide range. Under the conditions of our work, the orders 0.38 and 1.68 were found with respect to initiator and monomer, respectively. However, the rate of polymerization (Rp) is not straight forwardly corresponding monomer concentration. The value 46.11 kJ mol1 was determined as the o

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