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حق حرية الرأي والتعبير – رؤية نفسية
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   أن الأسلوب الوصفي للبحث في طبيعة حق حرية الرأي والتعبير للفرد قد لايقودنا الى فهم طبيعة هذا الحق والمسؤولية المترتبة عليه كما هو الحال في الأسلوب التجريبي التحليلي ، لأننا لسنا بصدد دراسة حالات شاذة للأراء والتعابير والسلوكيات ، ولكننا بصدد دراسة طبيعة المؤثرات البايلوجية والنفسية والذاتية والنفسية الأجتماعية التي توصل الأختلاف في الرأي والتعبير الى مستوى حقاً من حقوق الحرية الطبيعية للفرد ، وكيف أمكن تعريف هذا بالمسؤولية الملقاة عليه ، أي أن يدخل هذا الحق في النظام الهدفي لحركة التفاعل للفرد مع الجماعة ولايتوقف عند الواقع الغريزي في الحركة من أجل الحركة وأحداث الفوضى ، وبعيداً عن الأطار الفلسفي الشمولي الذي يقر مسلمات بعيدة عن هذا السياق والذي قد تقره بعض الأنظمة السياسية أو الأحزاب السياسية وتفرضة على الأفراد والجماعات لتجعل الفرد ساكتاً أعزل امام المتغيرات السياسية والأجتماعية والعلمية ليصبح نمطاً من الأنماط ، حيث نجد الخيارات والأراء والتعابير شبه موحدة تقريباً ولكنها بعيدة عن حقائق الفروق الفسيولوجية والنفسية التي تنوع الأراء والميول والرغبات لتشكل حقيقة بشرية أقرتها الشرائع السماوية قبل أن يتأمل فيها الأنسان وأشترطت جميع الرسالات السماوية لتأكيد هذه الحقيقة في المجادلة والمناظرة والأستماع لغرض الأقناع كخيار أول لتقبل العقل للنقل فجاء في القرآن الكريم " بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم – أدع الى سبيل ربك بالحكمة والموعظة الحسنة –صدق الله العظيم – ولاتجادلوا أهل الكتاب إلا بالتي هي أحسن – صدق الله العظيم – فلا أكراه في الدين فقد تبين الرشد من الغي  ّ صدق الله العظيم   (1) .

 وأيضاً بعيداً عن الفلسفة المادية التي أعتبرت الفرد آلة ميكانيكية لاحول لها ولاقوة، دون أعتباره كتله فعالة مؤثرة يضيف ويطور يكتشف ويطبق ، ويقوم ويحاور بأدراك متجدد متطور متفاعل مع الجماعة التي هو أساسها وعامودها ليحرر نفسه والجماعة من قيود الضرورة الطبيعية ، فالفرد ليس آلة صماء بيد القوانين المادية والوضعية ورغبات الحكام ، إنما هو كائن أجتماعي له أراء وتعابير وخيارات ووعي لفهم القوانين ووصف الأشياء قد يصيب وقد يخطأ ولكن بالمناقشة والمجادلة والحوار مع الاخرين يصل الى طبيعة المسؤولية للمشاركه في وضع القوانين المعينة في تنظيم أستقرار وتطوير حياته والمجتمع الذي ينتمي إليه بعيداً عن نمط حياة الحيوان المحدد بغرائزه ومكانه (2) لذلك جاءت حركة التنوير الفكري متدرجة متصاعدة من فترة القرن الثالث عشر لغاية اليوم في سياقها التاريخي مطابقة لهذه الحقيقة وكان لها محطات بارزة في النضوج الحضاري الأنساني من أهمها أقرارها لحقوق الأنسان عام 1948، وأهم ركن في هذه الحقوق هو الحقوق المدنية والسياسية وعموده حق حرية الرأي والتعبير ، فمنذ عملية فرض ميثاق ((العـهد العظيم)) عـام 1215م عـلى مـلـك أنـكـلــترا والـمـتـضـمـن 63 مــادة طــالـبــت بـهـا الـقـوى الفاعلة أنذاك في

1- سورة النحل آيه 125 – سورة العنكبوت آيه 406 – من حديث الرسول محمد (صلى الله عليه وسلم) .

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 16 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
English Influence of Workplace Incivility on Psychological Well-being of Nurses in the Southern of Iraq
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Abstract

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to find the influence level of nursing incivility on psychological well-being among nurses in southeastern Iraq.

Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, a convenience sample of 250 nurses working in three government hospitals in Missan province in the south of Iraq were surveyed using the nursing incivility scale (NIS) and Ryff's psychological well-being scale (PWB) from November 2021, to July 2022. A multivariate multiple regression analysis was done to analyze the multivariate effect of workplace incivility on the psychological well-being of nurses.

Results: The study results show a

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The socio-psychological implications on the investigators of police directorate in Hebron district
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The present study aims to identify the socio-psychological implications that police investigators experience regarding the variable of gender, age, place of residence, qualification, military rank, and work experience. The study included 6 individuals who were working in investigation department in Hebron district as a sample. The results demonstrated that the targeted sample had a dump attitude toward the socio-psychological implications. The psychological implications reflected 2.8739, the social side represents 3.2956.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 02 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Psychological Views of Ibn-Aljawzi
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           The researcher found that neglecting our Arab Islamic heritage and bragging about what the West came in the field of education and psychology is common in our curriculum

So the researcher found it necessary to identify the thought of our media Arab Muslims like Ibn Al-Jawzi being a remarkable figure in the world of human thought therefore, the researcher in this research decided to identify his educational and psychological ideas and psychological emotions in his mind and methods of control and characteristics of the human soul and methods of development of the Muslim character by following the descriptive analytical approach.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Educational and Psychological perceptions of Ibn Khaldun Thought Educational and psychological view s in The Thought of Ibn Khaldun Descriptive
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The research aims to identify the effect of Ibn Khaldun educational perceptions on modern science and comparing it with the modern-educational thought as well as exploring the educational perceptions of ibn Khldun by coming cross (the introduction of ibn Khaldun and some other references). In addition to identifying the effect of psychological perceptions of geographical context on people habits and behaviors, the researcher intends to identify the thoughts that relate to methods of teaching and the requirements of learning and teaching, and finally, identifying the psychological thoughts that relate to educational psychology and parapsychology. The study concluded that the purposes of educational aims of Ibn Khaldun are to give a chance

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
AL-AILM MAGAZINE: The Beginning Of The Era Of Specialized Journalism In Iraq
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The winds of change witnessed by the Ottoman Empire after the constitutional coup in 1908 carried the breezes of freedom, writers and journalists were finally able to express themselves, this change was reflected on intellectual and cultural life and on freedom of publication and expression , perhaps the first thing that was affected by this change was the press, it entered a new phase in which it got rid of those restrictions and limitations imposed by the Ottoman Sultanate concerning the right to issue newspapers and freedom of publication. Iraq was the first to witness a new phase of press relief, before the constitutional coup, it was possible to count on the fingers of the hand how many newspapers were issued, that number doubled to

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 27 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Applications of social networking sites: Research Tools
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Media and communication's research are varied in accordance to research approaches' variety which seeks to reach convergent social, psychological, political, economic, and technical point of views. Its main aim is to assimilate all the new variables in the communicative method, especially, social media sites research; concerning their methodology, tools and theories. It is due to their diverse - developed applications and their increased rates of public use becoming irreplaceable in our daily life. It is well reflected by their consequent impact on the the public beside their role in changing its views.

This clarifies the notable increase of scientific research that concern them manifesting the dialectica

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2015
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Legal Legislation and Freedom of Expression / Historical Approach
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Freedom of opinion and expression occupy the first place among the concerns of countries and international organizations. And it is also the basis of contemporary freedom because it is the foundation for achieving freedom in other fields such as politics, economics, education, etc.. The constitutions of the state have ensured that almost the entire freedom to express an opinion in all its forms either orally or writing or images of expressions, but these freedoms are identified within the law. Most countries announced their commitment to the international conventions and texts issued by international and regional organization like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rig

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 13 2025
Journal Name
Adab Al-rafidain
Guilt in The Condamned of ALtona of Sartre
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Drama "The Condamned of Altona" shows many different aspects of the 20th century. It contrasts strong, self-assured characters with weak, unsure ones to address absurdism and existentialism. Also, this piece shows the misery of the decade by showing Frantz, one of the play's heroes, taking his own life. Through suicide, disillusionment, and worry, the play depicts the upheaval of the 20th century, which was marred by numerous crises. The play's depiction of the jail and its inmates exemplifies the regret that accompanied the two world wars . Not only does guilt serve as a metaphor for the wrongs done by the Germans, but it also serves as a metaphor for the French inactivity during the occupation. And also the writers who did not devote thei

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Legal Protection of Computer Programs
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Computer programs are one of the most prominent features of technical progress in the field of information technology, which has raised many new issues that have not existed since the mid-twentieth century. and controls on the use of these programs by third parties, Controversy still exists about the legal nature of computer programs between those who believe that they are subject to the laws of patents and industrial property, and those who believe that they are subject to the laws of copyright protection and literary and artistic property, and the resulting difference in the scope of protection and rights established according to the legal system adopted in the application. This study comes to shed light on the legal nature of computer

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 03 2020
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
nternational will in the Security Council Towards the Syrian crisis
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Nations witnessed since its existence a state of wills conflict as a result of the intersection and intertwining of interests, through which it sought to achieve its goals and objectives, and this has often led to direct military conflicts and countless wars, and witnessed the entry into global wars in which humanity lost millions of lives and losses .Despite the great changes in the international arena, especially in recent decades, the conflict of wills has not ceased, although some of its features and forms have changed, and it has become more complicated after the withdrawal of this conflict to international organizations and bodies, including the Security Council. It is mandated under the Charter of the United Nations to wor

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