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آداب العالم والمتعلم عند الإمام علي بن أبي طالب - كرم الله وجهه -
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أهمية البحث :-

 ان انبعاث هذه الامة من جديد لتعاود العطاء من معين النبوة ، ولتنقذ البشرية وتسهم ببناء الحضارة الانسانية، وتشارك في معالجة ازمة الحضارة المعاصرة سوف لايتاتى الا اذا كانت الامة في مستوى اسلامها كتاباً وسنة، وفي مستوى عصرها استيعاباً وتعليماً واعلاماً واتصالاً وحواراً ومشاركةً.

واذا كان انبعاث أي مجتمع مرهون بتوفير شروط وظروف الانبعاث الاولى، حيث لايصلح امر هذه الامة الا بما صلح به اولها فان المطلوب اليوم اكثر من أي وقت مضى بعد هذه التجارب المرة والمريرة، العودة للتلقي عن الاصول والينابيع الاولى، والتحقق بادوات الانبعاث التي اعتمدتها عصر النبوة والخلافة الراشدة لتحقيق الانبعاث الجديد للامة المسلمة، في عصر الغزو الفكري والعولمة الامريكية.

ولا يخفى على أحد أهمية دراسة التاريخ في تأصيل الفكر الإنساني، وفي التخطيط للمستقبل على أسس قوية، وواضحة وليست دراسة التاريخ الفكري مقتصرة على جانب دون آخر.

 

      والمتتبع للكتابات التي ظهرت في تاريخ التربية في العالم الغربي يلمس ظاهرة دراسة التاريخ، بصورة واضحة، اذ تبدأ الكتابات –في الغالب- بالعودة وبالإشارة إلى فكر سقراط وأفلاطون، وكأنهم بهذه الكتابات يشيرون إلى ما لابائهم واجدادهم من فضل على الحضارة الإنسانية –بصفة عامة- وعلى الحقل التربوي والتعليمي –بصفة خاصة-.

      وهذا موقف طبيعي من وجهة النظر التاريخية والحضارية والانسانية اذ ان التراث الانساني حلقة متصلة ويتراكم بعضه فوق بعض ويبني اللاحق فيه على السابق، ويأخذ ويتفاعل فيه العنصر بالعنصر، ومن هنا يمكننا استيعاب مدى صعوبة الابتداء في أي دراسة من فراغ او من نقطة مجهولة البداية او مجهولة الهوية.

     ان تتبع جذور أي موضوع ماهو الا استكمال لحلقاته واعتراف بالفضل للاوائل الذين بادروا إليه، غير ان التعديل والتطوير والابداع في الوسائل والاساليب سنة ماضية، في مجالات البحث العلمي والاكتشاف الحضاري.   

        وعندما نروم العودة إلى تاريخنا العريق        متقفين في سيرة امير المؤمنين علي –كرم الله وجهه- فإنا نؤكد على ان المسلمين حين سادو العالم وملكوا الدنيا لم يكن ذاك من فراغ، وإنما جاء نهضة حضارية واجتماعية وسياسية واقتصادية وعسكرية شاملة عامة كما انها نهضة فكرية وتربوية هي موضوع بحثنا وامر اختصاصنا.

      الإمام علي –كرم الله وجهه- الذي عرفناه مقاتلاً مغواراً، بارز أشد الناس بأساً وعرفناه قائداً عسكرياً وخليفة للأمة ، سنعرفهُ من خلال هذهِ الصفحات مربياً ومعلماً للمربين والمعلمين والمتعلمين في كيفية تلقي العلم، بملاحظات دقيقةٍ يعجب المرء التفاته إليها من وضع دواة وقطة قلم وكيفية ضغط إلى مشية أستاذ وفن سؤال واسلوب جواب وغيرها أكثر.

 

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