In this work the strain energy of tetrahedrane and its nitrogen substituted molecules were calculated by isodesmic reaction method according to DFT quantum chemical fashion, the used basis set was 6-31G/B3-LYP, in addition all structures were optimized by RM1 semi-empirical method. From the obtained data we estimate an empirical equation connect between strain energy of the molecule with charge functions represented by dipole moment of the molecule plus accumulated charge density involved within the tetrahedron frame plus the number of nitrogen atoms. The results indicate the charge spreading factors by polarization and processes are the most important factors in decreasing the strain energy.

Previously many properties of graphene oxide in the field of medicine, biological environment and in the field of energy have been studied. This diversity in properties is due to the possibility of modification on the composition of this Nano compound, where the Graphene oxide is capable of more modification via addition other functional groups on its surface or at the edges of the sheet. The reason for this modification possibility is that the Sp3 hybridization (tetrahedral structure) of the carbon atoms in graphene oxide, and it contains many oxygenic functional groups that are able to reac with other groups. In this research the effect of addition of some amine compounds on electrical properties of graphene oxide has been studied by the

This article aims to identify the views of media elites on citizen journalism, a new media genre that strays away from the foundations and ethics of professional journalism, thus calling for in-depth exploration and scrutiny into the genre and its commitment to the professional standards of journalism.

For this purpose, the researcher opted for the survey method by distributing a questionnaire to a purposive sample consisting of 407 media elites. The research is also based on Habermas' public sphere theory.

There is a theoretical controversy in the books of Usul al-Fiqh, in the past and the present, about whether the ruling should be attached to its reason (al-Hikmah), or its apparent and stable cause (al-Illah). Looking at the practical cases of the jurists, we found them sometimes attaching rulings to its reason, and sometimes to its cause, so there is a need to know the factors that affect their choices. By extrapolation, the researcher reached at nine factors that affect referring the ruling to its cause or to its reason in jurisprudential cases.

This research has targeted four aims related to the social morals of university students in terms of psychological aspect and Islamic field; they had been achieved as follow:

1. It had been sought in the social morals concept in Islam in relation to the Holy Quran and Hadith sources.
2. It had been built standard for the social morals of the university students through analyzing Hadith and adopting focus ratio to identify the number of ten social moral items; and they have been subjected to the statistical analysis then finding the psychometric indicators to identify their truth and validity.
3. To identify the ratios of social morals at a sample of Isla

One of the most frightening to children ages pre-school entry , Are those concerns about natural phenomena such as (The darkness, the sound of thunder, lightning and light, and rainfall, and storms) These natural phenomena are not familiar to the child , It may have a surprise when he/ she sees , And others intimidated , The affects of panic and fears that may lead him some psychological injury symptoms.

The fear of the dark, of the most common concerns associated with the child in his daily life , As the children's fear of the dark is reasonably fear that makes him a natural to live in the unknown  , We can not identify what around him and is afraid of something collision,  Or injury from somet

After a temporary halt to forced thghebr in different cities of Iraq this methodlogy
opeations returned directiy in the areas of political conflict on the ground which are translated
operations and forced displacement violence es they operations aimed at completing the
forced displacement that occurred after the occupation in(2003)which took an upward curve
publicly after these events and some of which are aimed at the liquidation of some provinces
than any demographic diversity of religious or sectarian or alhens and others aimed at
redemographic distribution within the province itself to produce a net sectarian zones as is the
case in Diyala Nineveh and Babylon Baghdad has the epicenter of sectarian violence and th

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل محتوى كتابي الحاسوب للمرحلة المتوسطة في العراق وفقاً لعمليات العلم عن طريق الإجابة عن السؤال الآتي: ما نسبة توافر عمليات العلم في محتوى كتابي الحاسوب المقرران على طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة المعتمدان من وزارة التربية العراقية/ المديرية العامة للمناهج في العام الدراسي ( 2016-2017) م؟ اعتمد هذا البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتضمن مجتمع البحث وعينته محتوى كتابي الحاسوب المقررين لطلبة الصفين

التعلم هو المظهر الرئيسي في حياة البشرية المتحضرة ،الذي يعبر عن نشاطهم العقلي الذي وهبه الله سبحانه وتعالى ، وما على الإنسان ألا إن يستغل هذه إلهية الإلهية بأقصى ما يمكن للاستفادة منها, ومن هذا المنطلق لابد أن يعتمد المتعلم على طرق وأساليب منطقية في اكتساب المعرفة والتعامل مع المعلومات ومعالجتها ، وتعرف هذه (بأساليب التعلم styles learning) وهي الفروق الفردية في طرق التلقي والإدراك والتذكر وا