Objective: To know the recent shifts in the decision-making process and theories and stages, techniques and systems affecting it.
The need for research coming because of the problems that accompany the decision as a result of the failure Sometimes, poor visualization or the narrow perspective of decision-making than miss the opportunity to choose alternatives or options of the most effective and appropriate to solve a problem.
And has received exceptional decision-making process in administrative studies and research to enable the organization to continue its activities and its high efficiency, especially successful that the decision depends on the future, and on a clear vision to achieve the desired goals, here it is occupied decision-making is of extreme importance.
The research built on addressing the strategic concepts, cover the destruction of the activities and work of the organization, and give a clear ability and can be guided to achieve harmony and adaptation between ends and means and protect the organization and resources of slipping and deviation The decision-making process is the focus of the administrative process, which is associated with complex realities and values that the organization, which must be careful and cautious in making decisions.
And emerged several theories in the development of administrative thought about the decision-making process, including traditional theories and behavioral (humanity), dealt with the development of decision-making process and its stages and the steps that follow it, and administrative problems that require analysis and collection of data required and the sources and factors and criteria that control decision-making and goal achievement.
It also touched on the transformations in modern decision-making process, including the transition from totalitarianism to selectivity, and the adoption of scientific method and transform facts and information to the concepts and terminology, and expand decentralized rather than centralized, and overall control to control partial to the distribution of responsibilities and giving flexibility instead of inertia imposed by the central work such as planning, leadership and decision-making and communication that hinder the movement of the organization.
The research that the recent developments in the decisions made it possible to overcome the problems associated with decision-making in different environments, and helped in the emergence of technology and electronic management, which played a major role in providing information, data and build information systems and decision support at the levels of the organization's strategic as well as a shift in thought patterns creative and future outlook in decision-making.
The importance of the construction sector and its Great role in the provision of services and infrastructure, reduce poverty, improve living conditions and improve the economic situation in the country, impose attention to the way in which the projects implemented for its improvement and to get successful projects. The objective of this research was to determine the criteria for success as well as critical success and failure factors that have a significant impact on project success. A selected 75 engineer (department managers, project managers and engineers) are asked to fill the questionnaire form, Sixty-seven valid questionnaire forms were analyzed statistically to get search results, which were as follows : Twe
... Show MoreRisk factors can be considered unique in construction projects, especially in tendering phase. This research is directed to recognize and evaluate the importance of critical risk factors in the tendering phase related to Iraq’s construction project. As a rule, construction projects are impacted by risk factors throughout the project life cycle; without identifying and allocating these risk factors, the project cannot succeed. In this paper, the open and closed questionnaires are used to categorize the critical risk factors in tendering phase. Research aims to recognize the factors that influence the success of tendering phase, to determine the correct response to the risk’s factors in this research article, (IBM, SPSS, V23) package has
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Risk factors can be considered unique in construction projects, especially in tendering phase. This research is directed to recognize and evaluate the importance of critical risk factors in the tendering phase related to Iraq’s construction project. As a rule, construction projects are impacted by risk factors throughout the project life cycle; without identifying and allocating these risk factors, the project cannot succeed. In this paper, the open and closed questionnaires are used to categorize the critical risk factors in tendering phase. Research aims to recognize the factors that influence the success of tendering phase, to determine the correct response to the risk’s factors in this research article, (IBM, SPSS, V23) package has
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Incremental sheet metal forming is a modern technique of sheet metal forming in which a uniform sheet is locally deformed during the progressive action of a forming tool. The tool movement is governed by a CNC milling machine. The tool locally deforms by this way the sheet with pure deformation stretching. In SPIF process, the research is concentrate on the development of predict models for estimate the product quality. Using simulated annealing algorithm (SAA), Surface quality in SPIF has been modeled. In the development of this predictive model, spindle speed, feed rate and step depth have been considered as model parameters. Maximum peak height (Rz) and Arithmetic mean surface roughness (Ra) are used as response parameter to assess th
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Multipoint forming process is an engineering concept which means that the working surface of the punch and die is produced as hemispherical ends of individual active elements (called pins), where each pin can be independently, vertically displaced using a geometrically reconfigurable die. Several different products can be made without changing tools saved precious production time. Also, the manufacturing of very expensive rigid dies is reduced, and a lot of expenses are saved. But the most important aspects of using such types of equipment are the flexibility of the tooling. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effect of three main parameters which are blank holder, rubber thickness and forming speed th
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تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بحث أثر استراتيجيات الحكومة على دعم الدراسات اللغوية والأدبية، مع التركيز بشكل خاص على العراق كنموذج تحليلي. وتستكشف دور المؤسسات الأكاديمية والثقافية في تطوير البحث اللغوي والأدبي، وتقارن السياسات العراقية بنماذج دولية ناجحة. كما تناقش الدراسة التحديات التي تواجه هذه الدراسات في العراق، مثل نقص التمويل، والبيروقراطية الإدارية، وهجرة الأكاديميين، مع اقتراح حلول لتعزيز البحث اللغوي و
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The present theoretical study analyzes the legacy of the Chicago School of Urban Sociology and evaluates it in the light of the growth and development of Chicago City and the establishment of sociology in it. Sociology has become an academic discipline recognized in the United States of America in the late nineteenth century, particularly, after the establishment of the first department of sociology in the University of Chicago in 1892. That was during the period of the rapid industrialization and sustainable growth of the Chicago City. The Chicago School relied on Chicago City in particular, as one of the American cities that grew and expanded rapidly in the first two decades of the twentieth century. At the end of the nineteenth centur
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The objective of this study is to analyze the difficulties faced by intermediate-level Iraqi students in the use of Spanish unstressed pronouns as a foreign language (ELE). Through a mixed methodology, a descriptive and explanatory analysis was conducted based on written and oral productions of B1-level students at the University of Baghdad.The results show that factors such as interference from the native language (Arabic) and English, as well as grammatical differences between Spanish and Arabic, generate difficulties in the correct use of unstressed pronouns. A contrastive teaching approach is proposed that takes advantage of students' cognitive abilities to highlight similarities and differences between both languages.This stu
... Show MoreCancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a population of cells present in tumours, which can undergo self-renewal and differentiation. Identification and isolation of these CSCs using putative surface markers have been a priority of research in cancer. With this background we selected pancreatic normal and tumor cells for this study and passaged them into animal tissue culture medium. Further staining was done using alkaline phosphatase and heamatoxilin staining. Blue to purple colored zones in undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells and clear coloration in the chromatin material indicated pancreatic cells. Further studies on the cell surface marker CD 44 were done using ELISA. For this, the protein was extracted from cultivated normal and t
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