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jperc-352
School Refusal Behavior of Primary First Class Pupils in Baghdad
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Objectives: The study aims to assess the school refusal behavior of first class pupils at primary schools and identifying the relationship between the school refusal behavior and some of socio-demographic characteristics for the pupils.

Methodology:  A descriptive-analytic study was initiated from November 1st, 2012 to April 1st, 2013. A random sample of 411 students is selected from a probability stratified sample of 17 primary schools for both sexes in 4 sectors in Baghdad Al-Rasafa and Al-Karkh districts which are selected randomly from first class of primary school. A Self administrative questionnaire (Parents' Version) which constructed by the researcher includes two parts: the socio- demographic variables of the pupils and school refusal behavior scale items. Content validity was determined through the use of panel experts. The internal consistency of the instrument was determined through the computation of Alpha Correlation Coefficient which is statistically acceptable (r = 0.77). Data are analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical approaches by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0.

Results: The finding of the study revealed that Most of the pupils are firstborn male live in nuclear family with 1-3 children in the family resident in crowded city; they do not attend preschool or kindergarten. The school refusal behavior has been shown to be low level among pupils. There is positive relationship between gender and child's order and there is moderate relationship among other variables. There is positive relationship between school refusal behavior, family type, and residency place while there is negative relationship between school refusal behavior and numbers of children. The findings reveal also negative relationship between residency place and family type.

Recommendations: The study recommended to conduct research with different variables on a large sample to be national survey for assessing school refusal behavior and exploring school refusal behavior associated with psychiatric problems such as bipolar disorder, depressive disorder and separation anxiety disorder.

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The Poetics of Transition in T. S. Eliot's "Ash-Wednesday"
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  1. S. Eliot is one of the important founders of the modernist movement in literature, a cutting-edge poet of the first order. After his 1927 conversion to Anglicanism, he began calling himself a conservative, royal, and a classicist.
  2. "Ash Wednesday" is the first long poem written by him after his conversion. It deals with the struggle that ensues when one who has lacked faith acquires it. It is richly but ambiguously allusive, and deals with the aspiration to move from spiritual barrenness to hope for human salvation.

    "Ash Wednesday" not only struggles with an approach to faith but with an approach to a language capable of expressing it. Eliot's style is different from that that predates his conve

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 07 2017
Journal Name
Marine Georesources & Geotechnology
Vertical vibration capacity of a single pile in dry sand
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of King Saud University - Computer And Information Sciences
Heuristic initialization of PSO task scheduling algorithm in cloud computing
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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2008
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
The Temperature Dependence of Photoconductivity in a-Ge20Se80 Thin Films
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The photoconductivity and its dependence on light intensity have been investigated in a-Ge20Se80 thin films as a function of temperature between (293–323)K. The result showed that the photoconductivity and photosensitivity increase with increase of annealing temperature. This behavior is interpreted in terms of the dispersive diffusion –controlled recombination of localized electrons and holes.

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 13 2026
Journal Name
Review Of Economics And Political Science
The role of strategic planning in addressing Iraqi youth migration
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Purpose

This study examines the role of strategic planning in reducing youth migration in Iraq by promoting sustainable development. It highlights how comprehensive strategies can address economic, political, and environmental drivers of migration, offering practical alternatives for a stable future for Iraqi youth.

Design/methodology/approach

A descriptive–analytical qualitative approach was used, combining a literature review with a structured workshop of 100 political science students. Data from focused group discu

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 30 2025
Journal Name
Gsc Biological And Pharmaceutical Sciences
The role of environmental stress in fish health: A review
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Fish are regarded as a crucial indicator of alterations in the aquatic environment due to their position at the apex of the food chain. Monitoring these alterations is crucial for identifying modifications in the aquatic ecosystem. The principal elements influencing fish health are temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pesticide contamination, microplastics, and algal presence. These elements substantially influence fish health regarding development, reproduction, respiration, oxygen stress, and the internal enzymes associated with digesting and other metabolic functions. Alterations in global environmental conditions and anthropogenic pollutants result in modifications to fish populations, their lives, and their behavior and

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 14 2024
Journal Name
Urolithiasis
The safety and efficacy of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children
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To assess the use of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) for renal stones in children, as well as its safety and efficacy. Seventy-seven patients with more than 15 mm renal stones whose age was less than 15 years were enrolled in this prospective case-controlled study at Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ar Razi Private Hospital, and Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital for Surgical Specialties, Anbar and Baghdad, Iraq. The study was conducted from January 2020 to January 2024. The group mentioned above served as group A, and it was compared to the control group (group B), which consisted of 70 adult patients aged 18–60 years. Patients in both groups underwent mini-PCNL. Gender, stone size and location, time of operation, stone-free rate

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 23 2024
Journal Name
Irish Journal Of Medical Science (1971 -)
Validity of galactin-3 in acromegaly: comparison with traditional markers
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Physical and chemical properties of soil in the Karkh district
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The study area soils suffer from several problems appear as tkhesvat and cracks in the roads and waterlogging which reduces the susceptibility of soil to withstand pressure, this study was conducted on the soil of the Karkh district based on field study that included (6) samples of soil physical analyses contain different ratios of (mud, sand, silt) as percentages (52%, 45%, 3 #) respectively, and liquidity limit rate (39%) Stroke rate plasticity was (20.6%) The rate coefficient of plasticity total (19.2%)0

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 15 2016
Journal Name
Asian Journal Of Applied Sciences
A Review: Training Requirement of Agriculture Extension Officers in Iraq
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