Marriage outside the court is a manifestation of the oppression that women are subjected to in Iraq its seriousness comes out of the consequences that it leads to The. It overlooks the age of the girl and her marriage in younger age or coerced to marry as it leads to neglecting the affordability of marital relationship as long as the marriage does not have any legal or material consequences. The present study aims to detect Characteristics of both wives, husbands and families Who agree to marry her daughters outside the court. And the reasons that lead them to marry outside the courts. It also aims to provide information on the circumstances of marriage and reasons for refusing to ratify it in court. The study was based on the sample social survey. And study sample included 300 women married outside the court. Who have been directed to the non - governmental organizations support centers in Sadr City for help. The main tool for this research is the questionnaire. The main findings of the study 1. Marriage outside the court is related to the marriage of children and more from 58% of the the sample Have been married before Their attainment Legal age status For marriage, 2 - Approximately half of the marriages which are concluded outside the court (48%) Do not continue and end in Divorce, separation, abandonment or the death of a spouse, 3- Low educational level is the dominant feature for wives and for couples and fathers and mothers of married women outside the court. 4. The decision to marry the girl taken by father often , and nearly 32% of women who were married outside the court had not taken their views or consent waver on marriage, And that a quarter of marriages concluded outside the court are forced marriages were coerced. 5. The 13% of marriages entered into outside the court marriages are not allowed by law and harmful practices associated with women (marriage as blood money or to stay under relative mandate). And 20% of married women outside the court are second or a third wives. 6 - Lack of interest in the civil contract by parents was the first reason behind the marriage outside the court. Followed by the complex procedure for marriage within the court. The promise to ratify the marriage came later in the third order. As for the young woman's age came fourth in order . 7- Marriages were attributed to non - certified in court and face the risk of general collapse, dismantling the marital bond 36.3%. The husband 's failure to ratify the marriage of the most important reasons not to ratify these marriages from the point of view of women, followed by the arrangement in terms of lack of interest in the ratification of marriage then comes not reaching the wife to the legal age of marriage , which will allow the ratification third place
Targeted this study underlined the importance of the adoption of international accounting standards and their impact on the process of tax for settlements to achieve taxation justice the application on a sample of foreign banks investing in the local environment in order to achieve many of the objectives:
- Definition of the concept of justice for settlements taxation.
- To identify the impact of adopting international accounting standards in achieving the justice for settlements taxation.
- To determine the impact of the adoption of international accounting standards in attracting foreign investment.
They are summed up the problem of the study in the light of the nature of the problem and que
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The sound in the cinema and television occupies a large space in the level of use and expression. In addition to the functional aspect of the elements of the sound such as the dialogue, music, effects and silence, in shaping and supporting the narrative structure of the image in the dramatic work, it has today become and in light of the technical developments of the sound, an aesthetic value in the structure and formulation of the contents and ideas presented in the work. The sound also created a variety of forms before the work-factories in the artistic functioning, which enhances the emotional and expressive dimension of the image, and the researcher, as a result of many new developments in the expression o
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The general health of palm trees, encompassing the roots, stems, and leaves, significantly impacts palm oil production, therefore, meticulous attention is needed to achieve optimal yield. One of the challenges encountered in sustaining productive crops is the prevalence of pests and diseases afflicting oil palm plants. These diseases can detrimentally influence growth and development, leading to decreased productivity. Oil palm productivity is closely related to the conditions of its leaves, which play a vital role in photosynthesis. This research employed a comprehensive dataset of 1,230 images, consisting of 410 showing leaves, another 410 depicting bagworm infestations, and an additional 410 displaying caterpillar infestations. Furthe
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The South Baghdad electrical station located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River south of Baghdad city was selected within the municipality of Karrada between two latitude ( 330 15 , 33 0 18 )North and longitude ( 44 0 27 , 44 030 ) East . The purpose of the study is to determine the contribution of the station to the effect of pollution of the Tigris water by taking water samples at the station site and two sites, one before and the other after the station, distributed over time periods of three months between each sample of water and the beginning of August and November Shabat and Mayar and analyzed water samples physically, chemically and biologic
... Show MoreObjective: The aim of this study is to find out the impact of life events upon onset of depression, to describe the
prevalence of life events among depressed patients.
Methodology: Retrospective a case-control study conducted in AL-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital, Psychiatric
Department on A non-probability (purposive sample) of (60) depressed patients and (60) of healthy person were matched
with them from general population. The data were collected through the use of semi-structured interview by
questionnaire, which consists of two parts (1) divide, section A. cover letter and B. Sociodemographic data which consists
of 9-items, (2) Life events questionnaire consists of 51-items distributed to six dimensions include, family
A tetradentate (N2O2) Schiff base (H2Ldfm) was successfully synthesized via condensation of curcumin / diferuloylmethane (dfm) and L-leucine amino acid (HL). There were three different methods that used for synthesizing H2Ldfm; (refluxing, grading, and fusion). Ten different metal complexes were also successfully synthesized by combination of the Schiff base (H2Ldfm) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand to form a hexadentate (N4O2) mixed ligands (Ldfm , phen) with ten different metal salts (M) where{ M= Al(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II)}. The molar ratio of reactants was (1:1:1) (M: H2Ldfm : phen). The new Schiff base and its new complexes were characterized by different physicochemical tec
... Show MoreHighly-fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) are synthesized in simple step by hydrothermal carbonization method of natural precursor such as orange juice as a carbon source. Hydrothermal method for synthesized CQDs requires simple and inexpensive equipment and raw materials, thus this method are now common synthesis method. The prepared CQDs have ultrafine size up to few nanometers and several features such as high solubility in water, low toxicity, high biocompatibility, photo-bleaching resistant, Chemical inertness and ease of functionalization which qualifies it for use in many applications such as bio-imaging, photo-labeling and photo-catalysis.
This research demonstrates the
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2-amino-4-(4-chloro phenyl)-1,3-thiazole (1) was synthesized by refluxing thiourea with para-chloro phenacyl bromide in absolute methanol. The condensation of amine compound (1) with phenylisothiocyanate in the presence of pyridine will produce 1-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-3-phenylthiourea(2), which is upon treatment with 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine by conventional method, afforded 1- ( 4 - ( 4 – chlorophenyl ) thiazol – 2 – yl ) – 3 - phenylhydrazonamide,N' - ( 2 , 4 -dinitrophenyl) ,(3).The characterization of the titled compounds were performed utilizing FTIR spectroscopy, 1HNMR and CHNS elemental analysis, and by me
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An experimental and theoretical study has been done to investigate the thermal performance of different types of air solar collectors, In this work air solar collector with a dimensions of (120 cm x90 cm x12 cm) , was tested under climate condition of Baghdad city with a (43° tilt angel) by using the absorber plate (1.45 mm thickness, 115 cm height x 84 cm width), which was manufactured from iron painted with a black matt.
The experimental test deals with five types of absorber:-
Conventional smooth flat plate absorber , Finned absorber , Corrugated absorber plate, Iron wire mesh on absorber And matrix of porous media on absorber .
The hourly and average efficiency of the collectors
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