Each of the countries that make up the international community and active in international and regional relations has specific elements and tools. Their roles differ according to those components and tools. There are countries that play an effective and effective international role, while others play an effective and effective regional role. The international or regional role in order to be effective and influential must be based on a set of conditions that will give it a degree of credibility and achieve the objectives of the role. The state affects the decisions of other countries because of its ability, and the ability of the state to influence is not limited to military power only, but political, economic, demographic, technical, geo

There is a theoretical controversy in the books of Usul al-Fiqh, in the past and the present, about whether the ruling should be attached to its reason (al-Hikmah), or its apparent and stable cause (al-Illah). Looking at the practical cases of the jurists, we found them sometimes attaching rulings to its reason, and sometimes to its cause, so there is a need to know the factors that affect their choices. By extrapolation, the researcher reached at nine factors that affect referring the ruling to its cause or to its reason in jurisprudential cases.

  This research is interested in studying the constant and the variable within the signing reality in Iraqi Kurdistan region, and the researcher tries to tackle the importance of this topic within a search that serves the Kurdish culture, and contribute to its intellectual settlement, and introducing it to centers concerned with studying singing and music science in any civilized environment, whether inside or outside the territory of Kurdistan region. We see that this research which dealt with the topic (the constant and the variable in the Kurdish signing between the past and the present) deserves research and investigation for all its causes, being one of the academic necessities that contribute in identifying the historic artist

   Increasingly, public organizations in the federal state are required to work together, as well as to work with others to achieve their objectives. In Iraq there are two levels of organizations, including federal and local, and these organizations have been forced to work for many years in an environment in which the responsibility for service delivery is shared between policy makers and service providers, and between local governments and the federal government. It is sometimes difficult to manage the relationship between these organizations (federal and local) and do not always provide the best possible outcome of this relationship. This paper reviews how to manage the relationship between local administrations and

The aim of the research is to study the effect of the roundhouse strategy on the achievement of fifth grade secondary school in physics and their pivotal thinking. The experiment has been applied for obtaining the data, which were processed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, the results revealed that the students of the experimental group who studied using the roundhouse strategy was superior to the students of the control group who studied in the traditional method in the achievement exam. The results also show that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group and the control group in the pivotal thinking exam, in favor of the experimental gr

Objectives: To identify the impact of the brain consensus model on the acquisition of Arabic grammar concepts among students in the fourth grade, methodology: The pilot curriculum was used, and a partial control pilot design was adopted. There were 30 female students in the pilot group, 30 female students in the control group, and the two researchers were statistically rewarded among the two groups' students in some variables and used appropriate statistical means to analyse the results, including the test for two independent samples, the square (c2) and the Alpha Kronbach equation.Results: The pilot group outperformed the control group. The results showed that there is a significant statistical difference at the indicative level (0.05) for

The research aimed to prepare a measure to evaluate the academic achievement of graduates working in the field of physical education from their point of view, to identify the extent to which graduating students benefit from the curriculum of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad/Al-Jadriya, and to identify the impact of academic subjects in the practical and theoretical fields. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the research procedures as it is an appropriate approach in achieving the research objectives. The following questions are: What are the academic subjects that have the most impact on graduating students? What are the academic subjects that have the least impact on the are

The research aimed to prepare a measure to evaluate the academic achievement of graduates working in the field of physical education from their point of view, to identify the extent to which graduating students benefit from the curriculum of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad/Al-Jadriya, and to identify the impact of academic subjects in the practical and theoretical fields. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the research procedures as it is an appropriate approach in achieving the research objectives. The following questions are: What are the academic subjects that have the most impact on graduating students? What are the academic subjects that have the least impact on the are

In the era of the digital economy, public organizations need to consolidation the capabilities of entrepreneurial alertness to reduce the risks of sudden transformations and changes, and to find effective mechanisms to discover and invest in environmental opportunities proactively, as this concern has become a knowledge gap in public sector institutions, the current research aims to identify the role of digital competence in influencing on entrepreneurial alertness in the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI), the descriptive analytical approach was used as a research method to describe and analyze the main research variables. digital competence as an explanatory variable includes three dimensions: digital infrastructure, digital integration, and d