BACKGROUND: Sickle cell nephropathy, a heterogeneous group of renal abnormalities resulting from complex interactions of sickle cell disease (SCD)-related factors and non-SCD phenotype characteristics, is associated with an increased risk for morbidity and mortality. AIMS: The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of microalbuminuria (MA) among pediatric patients with SCD and to determine risk factors for MA among those patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A case–control study was carried out on 120 patients with SCD, 2–18 years old, registered at Basrah Center for Hereditary Blood Diseases, and 132 age-and sex-matched healthy children were included as a control group. Investigations included complete blood panel, blood urea, se

Background: Blastocystis spp. distributes world widely and the genus Blastocystis include many subtypes that are isolated from human intestinal tract. It is considered the most common parasite detected in human being.

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of Blastocystis spp. among leukemic children, to find out its association with the presence of symptoms (diarrhea and abdominal pain), and to assess the efficacy of different staining methods in detection of Blastocystis spp. 

Type of the study: cross-sectional study.

Method: 103 children were enrolled in this study, 53 leukemic patients and 50 healthy con

Background: Drug resistant epilepsy is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated, appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drug schedules to achieve sustained seizure freedom. Up to 30% of patients referred to clinics with a diagnosis of pharmaco-resistant epilepsy may have been misdiagnosed, and many can be helped by optimizing their treatment.Pseudoresistance, in which seizures persist because the underlying disorder has not been adequately or appropriately treated, must be ruled out or corrected before drug treatment can be considered to have failed.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the causes of drug failure in patients with epilepsy and to differenti

Christianity has rituals and rituals to be carried out, and can not be abandoned, and they see that the sacred statutes ordered by Christ () his followers, including: (the mystery of baptism between Christian denominations, descriptive study) A Christian is to be baptized as the seal of faith, as evidenced by the Bible in the words of Jesus to His disciples.
Baptism takes place in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. This makes them Christian through the practice of this obligatory man enters the Church, represented by the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ according to their belief. And every person who has received the sacrament of baptism remains a Christian until death, in the light of what they see.

Precious stones enjoyed a high level of goodwill among people in the ancient world as they were considered as important source of their jewels, an effective medicine to cure their diseases and spiritual healing that bring optimism and happiness by holding it especially to those who believe their effects on the Human.
Arab woman didn't abandon the interests of the neighbor civilizations as she coped with them and took what she desired of jewelry like pearls, sapphires and emerald. She used some of precious stones like antimony, magnet and bezoar in prescriptions for curing diseases and injuries. She also used turquoise, onyx and cat eye stone to prevent envy and Exorcism purposes as she thought that these stones could protect her from

Functional dyspepsia is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms and attributed to various causes including Helicobacter pylori infection. AIM OF THE STUDY: To correlate Helicobacter pylori infection to functional dyspepsia and to identify the possible risk factors for this infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients who were referred to the endoscopy unit for dyspepsia symptoms, secondary gastric causes of dyspepsia were excluded during endoscopy, gastric biopsies were taken for histopathological study and for bedside urease test for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. RESULTS: 62% of non-ulcer dyspeptic patients were infected with Helicobacter pylori, 74.2% of the patients were above 30 years old, female gender patient

The speech act of refusals has been studied widely either alone or in relation to such areas as apology, requests, promotion, and invitation. The present study aims to investigate the strategies employed by Iraqi females in refusing marriage proposals. It attempts to explore their preferences to respond directly or indirectly in relation to their ages and educational background of the parents. The sample of the study consists of 25 participants; they are learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) at the College of Education for Women/ University of Baghdad. The data are collected by using a discourse completion task (DCT) followed by a follow up interview. The researchers used a Google form shared via emails to get responses from the p

Objective: Since the vaccination rate is largely affected by low knowledge and negative attitudes ofhealthcare professionals, so this study aimed to weigh up the vaccination knowledge and attitudes ofpharmacy students.Method: A pilot study using a survey to investigate demographic data, knowledge (20 questions), andattitudes (5 questions) of 156 fifth year and 121 third year pharmacy students from College of Pharmacy/University of Baghdad.Results: The mean score of knowledge and attitudes was intermediate (16.654 and 14.917 out of 25 for thefifth and the third grades, respectively) with a significant difference between the two groups, the studentsshown to have favorable attitudes about vaccination. The score of the students is not i

Objective : A descriptive analytical study was conducted on pregnant women who face domestic
violence and receive antenatal services from obstetric wards ikou^V Ctemal ^4M^vrAd\vQ^Ms> "&
Baghdad city, to identify the types of domestic violence on pregnant woman.
Methodology : A purposive sample of one hundred pregnant women with domestic violence was
selected. Data were collected through questionnaire, the period extended from the 20th Feb to the 3rd
May 2006. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were used to analyze the data.
Results : The result of the study showed that the highest percentage (26%) of the study sample their
age ranges from (30 - 34) years, most of them were housewife with low s

The research aims to detect the problems of educational reality faced by university professors and identify statistically significant differences in the academic problems of university instructors. It has adopted an analytical descriptive research approach to achieve research objectives and identifies the study community with professors of public and private universities. A random sample of 250 instructors was selected for the purpose of applying the questionnaire to them, knowing the academic problems encountered in the course of their work at universities, and adopting appropriate statistical means to process and analyze the data. The research concluded with a set of results, including that all fields (infrastructure, admission of