The excessive and rapid urban growth witnessed by most cities in the world can be a cause of diseases and epidemics, especially those problems related to population, which include problems of transportation and increase in density in the centers, in addition to the lack of interest in planning and designing those cities to take into account the health aspect of the city and obtain The health well-being of the population, and each of these problems has negative effects on health in general and on human health in particular through its prevalence. Therefore, many concepts that serve as a tool for achieving public health and the physical health of the population have emerged, including the concept of city health, which is defined as cities that improve their environment and develop their resources by achieving health as urban. And the issue that must be achieved in the city and at various levels, hence the research problem. The lack of clarity of the indicators of healthy cities affecting the achievement of the health dimension of the population, and accordingly the goal of the research was determined to study the concept of healthy cities and their spatial relationship to the spread of diseases and epidemics, in order to reach effective indicators and results that contribute to reducing the speed of the spread of these diseases and epidemics, as the research assumes that: Principles can That the foundations of the concept of healthy cities have a clear impact and role in reducing epidemics. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the concept of healthy cities and the concept of epidemics and their impact on the city were dealt with in order to reach clear relationships and results that can be applied to the Iraqi city (Al-Ghadeer Village Residential Complex in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf), where the most important results were movement, transportation, density and diversity, and each of these concepts has mechanisms for its application .
Klebsiella pneumoniae is among the most frequent microorganisms isolated from infections of burn wounds. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the distribution of multi-drug resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae in two burn hospitals and the antibiotic resistance profile in different burn regions of the same patient. It was performed in two hospitals (Al-Zahraa and Al-Karama) in Al-Kut, Iraq, between January and May 2022. Totally, 100 burn swabs were collected from 40 patients of both genders suffering from burn wound infections, with ages ranging between 3 and 50 years. Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated and identified using conventional methods followed by VITEK®2 system and confirmed via polymerase chain reaction targeting t
... Show MoreThe photooxidative degradation process of plastics caused by ultraviolet irradiation leads to bond breaking, crosslinking, the elimination of volatiles, formation of free radicals, and decreases in weight and molecular weight. Photodegradation deteriorates both the mechanical and physical properties of plastics and affects their predicted life use, in particular for applications in harsh environments. Plastics have many benefits, while on the other hand, they have numerous disadvantages, such as photodegradation and photooxidation in harsh environments and the release of toxic substances due to the leaching of some components, which have a negative effect on living organisms. Therefore, attention is paid to the design and use of saf
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Accurate estimation of permeability is essential for reliable reservoir characterization and simulation. However, core data are often limited due to their high cost and operational constraints, leading to significant uncertainty in uncored intervals. This study aims to reduce the dependence on core data for permeability estimation by integrating electrofacies derived from well logs and flow zone indicator analysis in the Mishrif Formation, Nasiriyah oil field. Electrofacies were generated using dynamic clustering based on the log data from 13 wells. This led to the identification of five electrofacies units that represent intervals with similar log responses, formed by merging 75 electrofacies, where flow zone indicators analysis id
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This paper considers approximate solution of the hyperbolic one-dimensional wave equation with nonlocal mixed boundary conditions by improved methods based on the assumption that the solution is a double power series based on orthogonal polynomials, such as Bernstein, Legendre, and Chebyshev. The solution is ultimately compared with the original method that is based on standard polynomials by calculating the absolute error to verify the validity and accuracy of the performance.
Objective: The goal of this research is to load Doxorubicin (DOX) on silver nanoparticles coupled with folic acid and test their anticancer properties against breast cancer. Methods: Chitosan-Capped silver nanoparticles (CS-AgNPs) were manufactured and loaded with folic acid as well as an anticancer drug, Doxorubicin, to form CS-AgNPs-DOX-FA conjugate. AFM, FTIR, and SEM techniques were used to characterize the samples. The produced multifunctional nano-formulation served as an intrinsic drug delivery system, allowing for effective loading and targeting of chemotherapeutics on the Breast cancer (AMJ 13) cell line. Flowcytometry was used to assess therapy efficacy by measuring apoptotic induction. Results: DOX and CS-Ag
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Background: The problem of difficult gallbladder is not clearly defined and associated with real missing of therapeutic approaches that decreased morbidity. Moreover, the difficult gallbladder was reported as a contributing risk factor for biliary injury due to raised difficulty in surgical dissection within Calot’s triangle. The aim of this study is to determine the surgical outcomes of the open fundus-first cholecystectomy in lowering the rate of lethal intraoperative risks.
Subjects and Methods: Our prospective study conducted during the period of January 2019 to December 2022 at Ibn Sina specialized hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, for two hundred and fifty-three patients underw
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The research deals with the principle of the prohibition of international waterway diversion in the law of international watercourses. The research reviews individual and collective doctrinal efforts that have touched upon the principle as an internationally wrongful act because of its serious damage and consequences for downstream States. The research addresses the nature of the principle of the prohibition of diversion of international watercourses; its various effects; principles of international law establishing the principle of prohibition of diversion; and its application in State practice and international justice. This principle has been enshrined in most international treaties and judicial decisions. The principle of prohibition
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Sorption is a key factor in removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from their aqueous solutions. In this study, we investigated the removal of Xylenol Orange tetrasodium salt (XOTS) from its aqueous solution by Bauxite (BXT) and cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide modified Bauxite (BXT-HDTMA) in batch experiments. The BXT and BXT-HDTMA were characterized using FTIR, and SEM techniques. Adsorption studies were performed at various parameters i.e. temperature, contact time, adsorbent weight, and pH. The modified BXT showed better maximum removal efficiency (98.6% at pH = 9.03) compared to natural Bauxite (75% at pH 2.27), suggesting that BXT-HDTMA is an excellent adsorbent for the removal of XOTS from water. The equ
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