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the Planning and Management of Services in Rural Areas, AL-Gharraf sub-district in Dhi Qar Governorate, a case study.
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         Bringing about urban, economic, and social changes in rural areas similar to those occurring in urban areas aims to reduce urban-rural disparities by providing services in those areas, decentralizing the management of these services, expanding citizen participation in local governance (decentralized administration), and achieving comprehensive development, developing and empowering localities, and keeping pace with new transformations and their impacts on the functions of the center and localities. In fact, the lack of clarity of the role of local government in planning and managing services has hindered development plans, and declined the level of services in rural areas, and has negatively affected the comprehensive development process. However, local government contribute directly to the development of rural areas through participation in the preparation of local plans, and the management of various services in rural areas by their residents is more effective.

The research problem is summarized in the absence and lack of clarity of the role of local government in planning and managing services, which led to obstruction of development plans, and a decline in the level of services in rural areas and negatively affected the comprehensive development process.

 

The research hypothesized that local governments contribute directly to the development of rural areas through managing services in different rural areas, and that participation in preparing local plans will contribute to translating regional and national plans into realistic plans.

 

Within the theoretical framework of the research, the role of local governments (starting from the sub-district council to districts councils and provincial councils) was reviewed in identifying, evaluating needs and including them in development plans according to their priorities. The second part reviews the role of these local governments in managing and directing these services to achieve the desired public benefit and to develop rural areas.

As for the practical framework of the research, the Al-Gharraf sub-district of Al-Shatrah district was chosen as the focus of the practical study, which included studying the reality of community services and infrastructure services in rural villages and the urban center and the hierarchical relationship in the administrative and planning aspects between them in the sub-district, and in two directions:

 

  • Studying the status of the services provided in terms of spatial distribution, the type and quantity of services provided, and comparing them with the approved planning standards and citizens’ desires.
  • Studying the mechanism of the planning process for services and managing them at the local level, and the problems and obstacles facing this planning and administrative process in these areas.

 

Two questionnaires were prepared that relied on collecting data for the study area and surveying opinions for each segment (officials and citizens) and evaluating them about the availability and effectiveness of the process of planning and managing services in the study area based on a set of indicators

 

 that determine the level of services in rural areas.And for the purpose of achieving the goal of the research: -

 

 The research relied in proving its hypothesis on the descriptive-inductive approach in achieving its objectives, and finding appropriate solutions to enhance the process of planning and managing services in rural areas, by studying the role of local government, and the participation of citizens in the process of planning and managing services within the study area. And for the purpose of obtaining data and information about the study area, the researcher used the questionnaire form to collect information about the study area.

 

The most important results reached in this research are: - The need to advance the service reality of rural areas by distributing planning and administrative roles between the central government, local government, the private sector, and citizens in the process of planning and managing local services, and the distribution of joint powers and authorities between the Central and local governments on the basis of the local government taking over the management of local services, while the central government participates in the management of service projects of a national or local nature that requires achieving integration in management between the province and its region, or hierarchical services extending from the center to the region and districts, and the trend towards regionalization of some types of local services as a first step to address the phenomenon of spread and dispersal of services, and to achieve integration in providing them on the basis of organizing the levels of their provision (from the simple to the high level), with the adoption of the private sector as an alternative provider of all local services with redefining the concept of the relationship between the private sector, the provision of social services, and defining its role on the one hand, and building new types of relationships between local citizens and public service providers on the other hand, to ensure the reduced of the cost of providing the appropriate mix of required services

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of the market knowledge to improve marketing performance an empirical study for mobil communication companies in iraq
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       The study aimed to determine the extent of market knowledge in the companies researched, as if market knowledge is qualified to lead the companies researched to achieve marketing performance , for this purpose, formulated hypotheses of the study in three hypotheses, the first major hypothesis "there is a correlation with significance of market knowledge to improve the marketing performance  , "while the second major hypothesis, "there is a significant moral influence of market knowledge to improve the marketing performance  " these hypotheses targeting to determine the role played by market knowledge in the leadership of companies researched to achieve improvement in marketing perfor

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2017
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Formula ((فُعول ــــ فَعول)) Morphological semantic study In the Holy Quran
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Linguistic studies present a distinguished place among modern human studies, as we find this clear in the scientific research institutions of the developed nations, it is the main pillar in the strengthening of links and consolidation pillars between individuals and groups. It is a language and between people's thoughts, feelings and actions, and has been able to show that language is not only a tool of expression but is closely linked to the intellectual, emotional and social life of these people individuals and groups.
    The derivation is a major step in Arabic in classifying formulas into weights with special morphological values; these are of great importance in sentences and structures that are the domain of the searc

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 10 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Stomatology
Association of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors with periodontal disease in Iraqi individuals: a retrospective study
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Introduction Periodontal diseases are ranked among the most common health problems affecting mankind. These conditions are initiated by bacterial biofilm, which is further modulated by several risk factors. Objectives To investigate the association of different risk factors with periodontal...

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2022
Journal Name
Health Science Reports
Immunohistochemical expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in superficial and deep maxillofacial tissues: A cross‐sectional study
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Abstract<sec><title>Background and Aims

The involvement of maxillofacial tissues in SARS‐CoV‐2 infections ranges from mild dysgeusia to life‐threatening tissue necrosis, as seen in SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated mucormycosis. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which functions as a receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2 was reported in the epithelial surfaces of the oral and nasal cavities; however, a complete understanding of the expression patterns in deep oral and maxillofacial tissues is still lacking.

Methods

The immunohistochemical expression of ACE2 was analyzed in 95 specimens from maxillofacial tissues and 10 specimens o

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Wiadomości Lekarskie
Evaluation of clinical and demographical finding in patients with oral lichen planus: A retrospective cross sectional study
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Aim: To learn more about Oral Lichen Planus Iraqi patients, including their background information, symptoms, and prognosis. Materials and Methods: From the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, College of Dentistry, Baghdad University, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 68 patients with a histologically confirmed clinical diagnosis of oral lichen planus and subsequently contacted the patients by phone to evaluate their prognosis. Results: Females were more likely than males to experience severe pain; the reticular form of Oral Lichen Planus was the most prevalent at 38.2%, but the erosive type was more prevalent among females. Only 53 of 68 patients responded to phone calls. More than 37% of those respondents reporte

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 05 2024
Journal Name
Anaesthesia, Pain &amp; Intensive Care
A comparative study between tongue thickness measured by ultrasonography and thyromental distance in anticipation of difficult intubation
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Background & objective: Difficult intubation remains a risk for patients undergoing general anesthesia (GA) or mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU). Macroglossia is a known factor for difficult intubation. But it is not routine to assess the tongue size to predict difficult intubation. Studies are found deficient in comparing usefulness of measuring thyromental distance and the tongue thickness (TT) measured by ultrasonography to estimate difficult intubation. We compared tongue thickness measured by ultrasonography and thyromental distance as a means to anticipate difficult intubation. Methodology: A convenient sample of 60 patients; 32 males and 28 females, who were undergoing elective surgery with GA were i

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Bulletin Of Electrical Engineering And Informatics
A comparative study of Gaussian mixture algorithm and K-means algorithm for efficient energy clustering in MWSN
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent one of the key technologies in internet of things (IoTs) networks. Since WSNs have finite energy sources, there is ongoing research work to develop new strategies for minimizing power consumption or enhancing traditional techniques. In this paper, a novel Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) algorithm is proposed for mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) for energy saving. Performance evaluation of the clustering process with the GMM algorithm shows a remarkable energy saving in the network of up to 92%. In addition, a comparison with another clustering strategy that uses the K-means algorithm has been made, and the developed method has outperformed K-means with superior performance, saving ener

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 15 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Desalination of Highly Saline Water Using Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD)
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In this work, laboratory experiments were carried out to verify direct contact membrane distillation system’s performance in highly saline water desalination. The study included the investigation of various operating conditions, like feed flow rate, temperature and concentration of NaCl solution and their impact on the permeation flux were discussed. 16 cm2 of a flat sheet membrane module with commercial poly-tetra-fluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane, which has 0.22 μm pore size, 96 µm thickness and 78% average porosity, was used. A high salt rejection factor was obtained greater than 99.9%, and the permeation flux up to 17.27 kg/m2.h was achieved at 65°C for hot feed side and 20°C for cold side stream.

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2019
Journal Name
Collegian
Medication adherence and predictive factors in patients with cardiovascular disease: A comparison study between Australia and Iraq
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Controller work specificity and their impact on performance (Applied Study in the financial oversight bodies)
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The research aims to a statement of specificity of the Controller of (academic achievement, specialty, job title, length of service, Gender) and its impact on performance, Through a proposed appraisal form includes three main axes and each axis including several specialized elements in the supervisory work in form (check list). as is the importance of research to enable officials of oversight bodies financial identify and diagnose performance Controller through what has this observer of the process of scientific properties when performing supervisory work. Be summarized problem of the research that the lack of regulatory institution with the Controller interesting in terms of the necessary characteristics and requirements and inv

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