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The effect of rural building types informing the type of traditional courtyard houses in Sulaimaneyah city.
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The types of traditional houses vary from region to region according to physical and non-physical circumstances, and Sulaymaniyah city is characterized by a type of traditional houses that differ significantly from those in most cities and regions neighboring are always different from the general pattern that is prevalent in the region and the Muslim world.

 

The aim of this research is to study the cause of this difference or distinction in the traditional houses in Sulaimaniyah city, by comparing the most common models in these houses and comparing them with the general models of village houses that originally existed in the region to relaize the convergence and contrast between them. The research was based on a comprehensive practical study that lasted more than four years in which all the traditional houses that still exist to this day are mostly documented .this is by studying the types and the relationship among the components of mass and space in these houses in general, and the courtyard of each of these houses with its own mass in particular.

 

The research assumed that the rural building types that prevailed before and at the emergence of the Sulaymaniyah city clearly affected the formation of the residential building types that formed the residential architecture of Sulaymaniyah city later. It appeared that most of the models of the remaining houses in Sulaimaniyah belong to the type closest to the houses that were common in the neighboring villages of the city and that the traditional houses in the city still clearly contain the planning features of the village houses. this indicates that the types of traditional houses in Sulaimaniyah is clearly and totally influenced by the rural houses that were common in the villages that originally made up of this city and are an extension of it.

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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
The effect of usage two methods of garlic extraction( foliar and ground application) on the growth of the tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) plant
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Abstract<p>Garlic is rich in nutritional and medicinal value as it has been found that the water extract of garlic plant contains 31% carbohydrates and rich in elements calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, manganese, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and pyridoxine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic extract (<italic>Allium sativum</italic> L.) on tomatoes (<italic>Solanum lycopersicum</italic> L.) plant. The trend is to use plant extracts in foliar and ground fertilization. Three levels of foliar application (4, 6, 8%), three levels of ground application (10, 20, 40%), one treatment 6% of foliar and 20% ground applic</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 26 2012
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
Study the Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of ZnS Thin Films
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The structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnS films prepared by vacuum evaporation technique on glass substrate at room temperature and treated at different annealing temperatures (323, 373, 423)K of thickness (0.5)µm have been studied. The structure of these films is determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The X-ray diffraction studies show that the structure is polycrystalline with cubic structure, and there are strong peaks at the direction (111). The optical properties investigated which include the absorbance and transmittance spectra, energy band gab, absorption coefficient, and other optical constants. The results showed that films have direct optical transition. The optical band gab was found to be in the range t

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 01 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Studying the Effect of Initial Conditions and System Parameters on the Behavior of a Chaotic Duffing System
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This work presents a five-period chaotic system called the Duffing system, in which the effect of changing the initial conditions and system parameters d, g and w, on the behavior of the chaotic system, is studied. This work provides a complete analysis of system properties such as time series, attractors, and Fast Fourier Transformation Spectrum (FFT). The system shows periodic behavior when the initial conditions xi and yi equal 0.8 and 0, respectively, then the system becomes quasi-chaotic when the initial conditions xi and yi equal 0 and 0, and when the system parameters d, g and w equal 0.02, 8 and 0.09. Finally, the system exhibits hyperchaotic behavior at the first two conditions, 0 and 0, and the bandwidth of the chaotic

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Effect of annealing temperature on the optical properties of (Cu2S)100-x( SnS2 )x thin films
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Thin films of (Cu2S)100-x( SnS2 )x at X=[ 30,40, &50)]% with thickness (0.9±0.03)µm , had been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates at 573 K. These films were then annealed under low pressure of(10-2) mbar ,373)423&473)K for one hour . This research includes , studying the the optical properties of (Cu2S)100-x-(SnS2)x at X=[ 30,40, &50)]% .Moreover studying the effect of annealing on their optical properties , in order to fabricate films with high stability and transmittance that can be used in solar cells. The transmittance and absorbance spectra had been recorded in the wavelength range (310 - 1100) nm in order to study the optical properties . It was found that these films had direct optical band

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 15 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The Effect of Some Remineralization Materials and Resin Infiltration (ICON) on the Depth of White Spot Lesions
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Background: White spot lesions (WSLs) are subsurface enamel demineralization manifested as white opacities which had an esthetic problem. The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the lesion depth improvement of WSLs following application of fluoride varnish, tooth mousse and resin infiltration (ICON). Materials and methods: Artificial WSLs were created on 120 premolar teeth using demineralization solution with pH (4-4.5). Samples randomly allocated into four groups; fluoride varnish, tooth mousse, ICON and untreated group. Groups were discolored in Cola and orange juice for 24 hours. Teeth were ground sectioned by longitudinal cutting then these sections examined and photographed under stereomicroscope at 12X magnification then an

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Effect of Diyala River Water Quality on the Quality of Tigris River Water using GIS Mapping
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The assessment of a river water’ quality is an essential procedure of monitor programs and is used to collect basic environmental data. The management of integrated water resources in a sustainable method is also necessary to allow future generations to meet their water needs. The main objective of this research is to assess the effect of the Diyala River on Tigris River water quality using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. Water samples have been collected monthly from November 2017 to April 2018 from four selected locations in Tigris and Diyala Rivers using the grab sampling method. Fourteen parameters were studied which are Turbidity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Electrical Conductivi

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 15 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
The Effect Of Phoenix Dactylifera L. Pinnae Reinforcement On The Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Polymer Composite
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Phoenix dactylifera l. pinnae (the green leaves of dates palm) were used as natural reinforcing (strengthening) fibers to improve the mechanical properties of polyester as a matrix material, the fibers of the green leaves of dates palm were used in two lengths, 10 and 20mm with five rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% , where the reinforcing with the leaves fibers increases the hardness strength from 76.5 to be about 86.55 , the Impact value raised from about 0.313 to 0.461 , in addition to that the flexural strength from 2.66 to be about 55 , and the thermal conductivity increases from 2.54 𝑤∕𝑚.℃ to 5.41 𝑤∕𝑚.℃. The results of the present search explains that the composite samples reinforced at rate 20% and 10mm fiber length

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 13 2023
Journal Name
Engineering, Technology &amp; Applied Science Research
The Experimental and Theoretical Effect of Fire on the Structural Behavior of Laced Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams
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A Laced Reinforced Concrete (LRC) structural element comprises continuously inclined shear reinforcement in the form of lacing that connects the longitudinal reinforcements on both faces of the structural element. This study conducted a theoretical investigation of LRC deep beams to predict their behavior after exposure to fire and high temperatures. Four simply supported reinforced concrete beams of 1500 mm, 200 mm, and 240 mm length, width, and depth, respectively, were considered. The specimens were identical in terms of compressive strength (  40 MPa) and steel reinforcement details. The same laced steel reinforcement ratio of 0.0035 was used. Three specimens were burned at variable durations and steady-state temperatures (one

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
Engineering Journal
the effect of diyala river water qulity on the quality of tigris river water using GIS mapping
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The assessment of a river water’ quality is an essential procedure of monitor programs and isused to collect basic environmental data. The management of integrated water resources in asustainable method is also necessary to allow future generations to meet their water needs. Themain objective of this research is to assess the effect of the Diyala River on Tigris River waterquality using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. Water samples have beencollected monthly from November 2017 to April 2018 from four selected locations in Tigris andDiyala Rivers using the grab sampling method. Fourteen parameters were studied which areTurbidity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Electrical Conductivity, TotalDissolved Solids,

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 13 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of light curing tip distance on the curing depth of bulk fill resin based composites
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Background: This in vitro study measure and compare the effect of light curing tip distance on the depth of cure by measuring vickers microhardness value on two recently launched bulk fill resin based composites Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill and Surefil SDR Flow with 4 mm thickness in comparison to Filtek Z250 Universal Restorative with 2 mm thickness. In addition, measure and compare the bottom to top microhardness ratio with different light curing tip distances. Materials and Method: One hundred fifty composite specimens were obtained from two cylindrical plastic molds the first one for bulk fill composites (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill and Surefil SDR Flow) with 4 mm diameter and 4 mm depth, the second one for Filtek Z250 Universal Restorative

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