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The "actor network theory" approach in dealing with landscapes in historical centers

The historical center's landscape suffers from neglect, despite their importance and broad capabilities in enhancing the cultural value of the historical center, as landscape includes many heterogeneous human and non-human components, material and immaterial, natural and manufactured, also different historical layers, ancient, modern and contemporary. Due to the difference in these components and layers, it has become difficult for the designer to deal with it. Therefore, the research was directed by following a methodology of actor-network theory as it deals with such a complex system and concerned with an advanced method to connect the various components of considering landscape as a ground that can include various elements and deal with them to produce all homogenized to enhance the value of the historic center.  

         The research problem represented by the lack of a comprehensive presentation of the effective network theory approach in dealing with landscapes, so the goal of the research became, to build a comprehensive framework for the effective network theory approach in dealing with the historical center landscape, which is represented by two components, actors and the concept of networking actors.

           Finally, the research has taken the landscape of AlQushla building to illustrate how the actors and the concept of networking actors was been achieved, and who they worked to enhance the cultural value of the historical center.

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of an Educational Program in Enhancing Nurses’ Knowledge about Occupational Health Hazards

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of an Educational Program in Enhancing Nurse’s Knowledge about Occupational Health Hazards at Medical City Hospitals in Baghdad City.

Methodology: The present study employed a quasi-experimental design held at Medical City Hospitals in Baghdad City. A non-probability sample (convenience sample) consisted of (60) nurse. Data were collected by using a self-report questionnaire which consisted of six parts (a) socio-demographic characteristics (b) physical hazards knowledge (c) chemical hazards knowledge (d) biological hazards knowledge (e) psychological hazards knowledge and (f) mechanical hazards knowledge. Data were analyzed using the statistical packag

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 03 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Guillian Barré Syndrome in a sample of Iraqi Children: Seasonal and sex variation

Background: Seasonal variation and gender preponderance have not been adequately studied in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS).
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the seasonal variation and sex preponderance in children with Guillian Barré Syndrome.
Patients and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out by reviewing wards’ registry of all cases with Guillian Barré Syndrome admitted to Children Welfare Teaching Hospital during a 10-year period (1999 - 2008). Age, sex, seasonal distribution, residence and outcome were analysed.
Results: Guillian Barré Syndrome was diagnosed in 217 (126 boys, 91 girls) patients and the annual hospital rate of admission was 22.9 /100000 children. There was increase annual incidence from 1

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of Nurses’ Practices toward Safe Intravenous Chemotherapy Infusion in Baghdad City Hospitals

Abstract Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the nurses' practices that concerning intravenous chemotherapy infusion and to find out the association between nurses' practices and their level of education, year of experiences, and training course.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Al Amal National Hospital for Treatment of Tumors for the purpose of evaluating the practices of nurses related to infusion of intravenous chemotherapy for the period from 20th October 2017 to 14th March 2018. The sample was randomly selected from both hospitals. Who were evaluated by using a checklist to observe their practices which consisted of two parts; the first part included the demographic information

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 08 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Decamethylrhenocene ( - C5 Me5)2 Re in Supersonic Jet

In this paper we report the use of supersonic jet laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy to facilitate the study of the spectra of some organometallic sandwich compounds particularly the metallocenes. The charge-transfer processes within these compounds, especially ligand to metal charge transfer within decamethylrhenocene ( - C5 Me5)2 Re were of particular interest. The spectrum shows a high degree of structures, indicating that there are several levels populated and these molecules are able to undergo many possible transitions

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 31 2012
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Experimental Investigation of Using Evaporative Air Cooler for Winter Air-Conditioning in Baghdad

This paper presents an efficient methodology to design modified evaporative air-cooler for winter air-conditioning in Baghdad city as well as using it for summer air-conditioning by adding a heating process after the humidification process. laboratory tests were performed on a direct evaporative cooler (DEC) followed by passing the air on hot water through heat exchanger placed in the coolers air duct exit. The tests were conducted on the 2nd of December /2011 when the ambient temperature was 8.1°C and the relative humidity was  (68%). The air flow rate is assumed to vary between 0.069 to 0.209 kg/s with constant water flow rate of 0.03 kg/s in the heat exchanger. The performance is reported in terms of effectiveness of DEC, satura

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Iraq's Position For Lebanese Civil War 1975-1976 in Iraqi and Arabian Newspapers

The research deals with Iraq's position of the Lebanese civil war and the Efforts made by Iraq in order to stop the bleeding of this war, the research also deals with the nature of regime in Lebanon and the developments that preceded the war and the positions of the internal and external competing forces, as weu as handling the Iraqi Syrian disagreement and it's impaet on the situation of Lebanon and the war developments.
The research focused on the Iraq's position towards the externd proposed solutions to solve the Lebanese civil war.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 02 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Medico-legal Study of Shockwave Damage by High Velocity Missiles in Firearm Injuries

Background: Many variables determine the destructive capacity of a weapon; missile velocity is an important consideration. Wounding capability of a missile depends on the amount of kinetic energy dissipated in the tissues. A penetrating high velocity missile (usually bullets) transfers a destructive energy called shock wave to the surrounding tissues.
Objective: To detect and estimate tissues damage away from the main track of high velocity missiles in firearm rifled weapons injuries.
Methods: This cross-sectional study is performed in medico-legal institute in Baghdad for (8) month’s duration from (1-1-2010) to (1-9-2010). Full proper autopsy including external and internal examination of the body for all cases was performed, an

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
New Common Fixed Points for Total Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mapping in CAT(0) Space

      Strong and ∆-convergence for a two-step iteration process utilizing asymptotically nonexpansive and total asymptotically nonexpansive noneslf mappings in the CAT(0) spaces have been studied. As well, several strong convergence theorems under semi-compact and condition (M) have been proved. Our results improve and extend numerous familiar results from the existing literature.

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Promoting Clinical Breast Examination as A screening Tool for Breast Cancer in Iraq

Breast cancer constitutes about one fourth of the registered cancer cases among the Iraqi population (1)
and it is the leading cause of death among Iraqi women (2)
. Each year more women are exposed to the vicious
ramifications of this disease which include death if left unmanaged or the negative sequels that they would
experience, cosmetically and psychologically, after exposure to radical mastectomy.
The World Health Organization (WHO) documented that early detection and screening, when coped
with adequate therapy, could offer a reduction in breast cancer mortality; displaying that the low survival rates
in less developed countries, including Iraq, is mainly attributed to the lack of early detection programs couple

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 02 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Semantic relations in text and translation: Die semantischen Relationen im Text und Übersetzung

       Based on the German language department’s theoretical and practical aspects as well as educational programs, the present study discusses the semantic relations in text sentences and their role in the science of translation.  Through clarifying the semantic relationship between the text sentence and the methods used to express a news item, a situation or an occurrence and through the statement of the multiple theoretical semantic structures of the text’s construction and interrelation, a translator can easily translate a text into the target language.

        It is known that language learners face multiple difficulties in writing and creating an inte

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