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jols-731
The Principle of Prohibiting the Diversion of the Natural Course of International River Waters
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The research deals with the principle of the prohibition of international waterway diversion in the law of international watercourses. The research reviews individual and collective doctrinal efforts that have touched upon the principle as an internationally wrongful act because of its serious damage and consequences for downstream States. The research addresses the nature of the principle of the prohibition of diversion of international watercourses; its various effects; principles of international law establishing the principle of prohibition of diversion; and its application in State practice and international justice. This principle has been enshrined in most international treaties and judicial decisions. The principle of prohibition of diversion is to protect the rights of downstream States by restricting the absolute sovereignty of source States when using the waters of their transboundary rivers. At the end of the study, the violations committed by the riverine States neighboring Iraq (Turkey and Iran) as a result of projects to divert the waterways of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers without consultation and agreement with the Iraqi side, which would have an impact on Iraq's water resources in both quantitative and qualitative terms.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Study the effect of addition of Ar to N2 gas on the EEDF and the correspondent coefficients of electron transport
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Publication Date
Wed Feb 22 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Spectrum and the Numerical Range of the Product of Finite Numbers of Automorphic Composition Operators on Hardy Space 2
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Throughout this paper we study the properties of the composition operator
C
p1  o
p2  o…o
pn  induced by the composition of finite numbers of special
automorphisms of U,
pi  (z)  i
i
p z
1 p z


Such that pi  U, i  1, 2, …, n, and discuss the relation between the product of
finite numbers of automorphic composition operators on Hardy space H2 and some
classes of operators.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 29 2026
Journal Name
Adab Al Rafidayn
Measuring the quality of office services using (LibQUAL + ®): the central library of the University of Baghdad as a model
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Libraries, information centers, and everything related to organizing and preparing information need to be periodically re-evaluated in order to stand on the level of quality, which means improving the general reality of these institutions to ensure sufficient satisfaction from beneficiaries of the services provided. This is what was worked on in this research, as one of the most important quality standards in libraries and information centers, LibQUAL+®, was applied in one of the most important and oldest central university libraries, namely the Central Library of the University of Baghdad at its two locations, Al-Jadriya and Al-Waziriya. The sample of beneficiaries to whom the questionnaire was distributed reached 75 beneficiaries distrib

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
The effect of annealing and the influence of Gamma-ray on the optical properties of nanostructure Zinc Oxide Thin Films
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The semiconductor ZnO is one of II – VI compound group, it is prepare as thin films by using chemical spray pyrolysis technique; the films are deposited onto glass substrate at 450 °C by using aqueous zinc chloride as a spray solution of molar concentration 0.1 M/L. Sample of the prepared film is irradiating by Gamma ray using CS 137, other sample is annealed at 550°C. The structure of the irradiated and annealed films are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, the results show that the films are polycrystalline in nature with preferred (002) orientation. The general morphology of ZnO films are imaged by using the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), it constructed from nanostructure with dimensions in order of 77 nm.
The optical properties o

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 29 2026
Journal Name
Al.qadisiya Journal For The Sciences Of Physical Education
The Impact of weighted gloves on developing the effectiveness of performance and increasing the number of punches for youth boxers
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 13 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Future of Educational Management Reform in Ibn Ashour Vision of Purposes and the Objectives Of The Kingdom's Vision 2030
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The study aims at explaining the extent to which the principles of educational management reform contribute to Ibn Ashour in achieving educational management reform and the extent to which the pillars of the Kingdom's Vision 2030 in the field of Education in achieving the educational management reform. The study also aims to provide a future vision of what the educational administrative reform and its results should be in the Kingdom during the next ten years. To achieve the goals of the study, the researcher followed two approaches: on the theoretical side, he relied on applying the content analysis method. As for the applied side, the researcher adopted the Delphi method by two questionnaires to ask (36) participants from the experts a

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 05 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Employment of Brainstorming in developing the idea of design of Fine Arts Institute Students in Designing the Technical Advertisement
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Brainstorming is considered as one of the manners that develop learners' mental abilities. Besides, it can help learners get a lot of ideas and thoughts. And by following applied steps to answer the problem concerned, the researcher carried out this practical study aimed at:Developing the ideas of design of third year students/Institute of Fine Arts/Evening Studies- Baghdad/First Rusafa by employing Brainstorming mechanism to develop the ideas of design of institute students in designing the technical advertisement and to achieve the authenticity of the goal of the research, Department of Plastic Arts/Institute of Fine Arts/Evening Studies/Baghdad-First Rusafa was chosen as a case study for the research. It embraced (20) students who rep

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The Effectiveness of Combining the Meanings of Grammatical Tools in Understanding the Arabic Sentence A study of Some Linguistic Evidences
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abstract

The grammatical tools (the letters of meanings) are of great importance in understanding the meanings of the Arabic sentences,

This research is a simple attempt to show how our venerable scholars employed the meanings of these tools when they interpreted the linguistic evidence, that is, the grammatical structure largely depends on the tool in forming the meaning within the sentences and employing the meanings of these grammatical tools in explaining the linguistic evidence by clarifying their significance in the contexts of their use and effectiveness. Synthesis of the meanings of grammatical tools is an important tool in understanding the linguistic structure in order to reveal its meaning.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 11 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and annual equivalent doses in some milk powdered samples for adults used in Baghdad
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In this paper the specific activity of 238U, 232Th and 40K
radionuclides were determined by sodium iodide enhanced by
thallium NaI(Tl) detector and assessment the annual effective dose
in samples of powder milk from different companies such as
Almunaish, Seven Caw, Molty and Altunsa for adult available in
Baghdad markets. The specific activity of 40K has the greater value in
all the samples which is in the range of allowed levels globally that
suggested by UNSCEAR. The mean value of annual effective doses
were 0.121, 0.314775 and 0.305 mSv/y for 238U, 232Th and 40K
respectively.

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Sains Malaysiana
Electrochemical Properties of Natural Sensitizer from Garcinia mangostana and Archidendron pauciflorum Pericarps for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Application
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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) create imitation photosynthesis by using chemical reactions to produce electricity from sunlight. DSSC has been pursued in numerous studies due to its capability to achieve efficiencies of up to 15% with artificial photosensitizer in diffuse light. However, artificial photosensitizers present a limitation because of the complex processing of metal compound. Therefore, various types of sensitizers were developed and synthesized to surpass the artificial sensitizer performances such as natural sensitizers from bio-based materials including plants, due to simple processing techniques and low environmental impact. Thus, this study examines the potential and properties of natural sensitizers from the was

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