The paper discusses the lack of a uniform definition of politeness due to the constant tension between its universality and language specificity, and argues that some of the theoretical debate could be resolved if the distinction between politeness as a commonsense notion and politeness as a theoretical construct were clearly addressed and acknowledged in the research.

The Gift is considered as a legal voluntary non-contractual transaction or disposition to transfer the granted property from the donor to donee  gratuitously or without consideration. It is also worth-bearing in mind that the want of the requirement of consideration is the reason that the gift is not classified within the scope of the contract. And it is normally classified into two types: The inter vivos gift  and gift causa mortis. It should also be noted that the donatio (or gift) inter vivos is applied to both the personal property or chattels and real property equally. As opposed to the gift causa mortis, which is applied to the personal property or chattels rather than the real property. Whereas both the Iraqi Civil Law N

     Few people are familiar with the company 's internal information, through the job center they hold at that company, or perhaps through relationships with people familiar with it.

    If the sale or purchase of shares is based on that information, which was the reason for the insider's job or his relations with those familiar with it, which would lead to the collection of profits at the expense of people who do not have access to that information, all of which would violate justice in the financial market. The lack of access to that information was not due to the lack of effort by him to know the extent of this information on the prices of stocks, or lack of experience in the finan

The subject of  research entitled "The Mechanisms of build up the dramatic construction in the films of the world of nature - National Geographic's films as a model" emerges from the importance of the subject of the dramatic construction and its departure from its classic style due to the evolution of the visual  presentation and its instruments and the specificity and emergence of a form of television production represented by the films of the world of nature which began to occupy an important space in the map of television and television channels specialized in this subject, which drove the researcher to study the mechanisms of producing the dramatic construction in this kind of film s. This research came in three  chapt

Legislation under study organized the judicial control over the decisions of the end of service heads of administrative units in Iraq,  since before the first amendment to the law of the governorates in the irregular province No. (21) for the year 2008 was the appeal before the Federal Supreme Court and after the first amendment became the decision to dismiss the governor and the governor The Governing Law stipulates that the Governor may appeal against his dismissal before the Administrative Judicial Court within fifteen days from the date of his notification. The law obliges the court to rule on the judgment with in (30) days The law did not provide for the governorates in force to appeal the dismissal decision،  and the law

 This research aims at to identify the extent to which creative thinking skills Impact the change &development of Administrative Leadership styles In Administrative Leadership of the Medical City Department. Identify the nature of the relationship between them, determine the prevailing leadership style, &measure the level of creative thinking skills they have. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive analytical method was adopted.

The research tool consisted of a questionnaire consisting of (61) paragraphs, in addition to the interview & observation. The research sample consisted of (170) administrative leaders in the upper &middle organizational levels. The

This study aimed to identify the degree of use computers in administrative functions (planning, organization, controlling, and evaluation) among school leaders and assistants in public education schools in Sharoorah governorate ، as well as to identify obstacles of  use computers in administrative functions from the perspective of school leaders and assistants male and female in public schools during the academic year 1439-1440, the study sample  (66) school leaders and assistants, males (58), a and females (44), , and to answer the questions of the study, the researchers developed a questionnaire consisting of  (60) items, has been verified sincerity and persistence, and data analysis was used frequencies, percentages an

Quasi-contract is considered as one of the well-established legal systems of the English Common law of customary origins, which is unwritten and based upon judicial precedents of the English courts. It is worth-bearing in mind that the legal basis of quasi-contract passed into two different stages: in the first stage the English judicature, supported by some juristic opinions regarded it as an implied Contract made by courts to prevent one party from being unjustly enriched at the expense of the other. Whereas in the second stage the English judicature considered it as an independent source of obligation، based upon the law of restitution. and having nothing to do with the law of contract. The Iraqi civil law No. (40) of 1951 regulated

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 Abstract

It considers training programs is an important process contributing to provide employees with the skills required to do their jobs efficiently and effectively, so it should be concerned with and the focus of all government our organizations, and perhaps the most important reasons that I was invited to select the subject (evaluation of training programs directed toward the diagnosis of the phenomenon of financial and administrative corruption) It is the importance of those programs working in the regulatory institutions General and the Office of Inspector General of Finance and the Ministry particularly for employees because of their role in the development of their skills and their experience and their beha