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A commentary on the Decision of the Federal court No. 90 for 2021, Reversal of the principle of judicial precedent in the constitution of Iraq for 2005

أصدرت المحكمة الاتحادية العليا قرارها المرقم 90/اتحادية/2019 الصادر في 28/4/2021 الذي جاء فيه (لابد للمحكمة الاتحادية العليا من العدول عن قراراتها السابقة بخصوص استحصال موافقة مجلس النواب بشكل مطلق عن أي جريمة يتهم بها أياً من أعضاء مجلس النواب واقتصار ذلك بحالة واحدة فقط وهي (عدم جواز تنفيذ مذكرة القبض الصادرة عن جريمة جناية غير مشهودة متهم بها عضو مجلس النواب خلال مدة الفصل التشريعي او خارجه الا بعد استحصال الاذن بذلك من مجلس النواب بالأغلبية المطلقة خلال الفصل التشريعي او من رئيس مجلس النواب اذا كان ذلك خارج مدة الفصل التشريعي وفيما عدا ذلك تتخذ الإجراءات القانونية بدون موافقة مجلس النواب او رئيسه في حالة اتهامه بارتكاب جريمة من جرائم الجنح والمخالفات التي لا علاقة لها بعمله داخل مجلس النواب او احدى لجانه والموصوفة بالحصانة الموضوعية المشار اليها أعلاه) واعتبار ذلك مبدأ جديداً وعدولاً عن المبدأ السابق المتعلق بحصانة عضو مجلس النواب. اما مفهوم الأغلبية المطلقة لرفع الحصانة عن عضو مجلس النواب الصادرة بحقه مذكرة قبض عن جناية غير مشهودة فانها بحسب احكام المادة (63/ب) من الدستور يقصد بها اكثر من نصف العدد الكلي لعدد أعضاء مجلس النواب ويعد ذلك عدولاً عن قرار المحكمة السابق بالعدد (23/اتحادية/2007) الصادر بتاريخ 21/10/2007 بخصوص تفسير المقصود بالأغلبية المطلقة اذ ان المشرع الدستوري قصد بالأغلبية المطلقة اكثر من نصف العدد الكلي لأعضاء مجلس النواب أينما وردت عبارة (الأغلبية المطلقة) سواء اقترن ذكرها بعبارة عدد أعضائه ام جاءت مجردة، اما المقصود بالأغلبية البسيطة فأنها تعني اكثر من نصف العدد الفعلي لأعضاء مجلس النواب الحاضرين بعد تحقق نصاب انعقاد جلسات المجلس بحضور الأغلبية المطلقة لعدد أعضائه واعتبار ذلك مبدأ جديداً وعدولاً عن المبدأ السابق المتعلق بتفسير الأغلبية وفقاً للتفصيل المشار اليه انفاً)[i].

 

[i] - جاء اصدار قرار المحكمة الاتحادية العليا اعلاه بناءً على الطعن المقدم من قبل النائب (ط.خ.ع) الى المحكمة والمتضمن طلب الغاء قرار مجلس النواب برفع الحصانة رقم (727) في 19/8/2019.

 

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