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أحكام الامتناع عن الفعل في المسؤولية عن الفعل الشخصي
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تترتب مسؤولية فاعل الضرر عن خطأه اذا الحق المخطيء ضررا بالغير، وهو امر لاخلاف عليه فقها وقانونا، وهو ما يعر ف بـ (الخطا الايجابي). فمتى وقع الضرر قامت مسؤولية المخطيء. ولا فرق هنا بين ناقص الاهلية او عديمها أو كاملها، فكل من الحق ضررا بالغير تحمل فاعل الضرر المسؤولية عن فعله. ولكن الامر ليس سيان بالنسبة للخطا السلبي، فهل تطبق قواعد الخطا الايجابي في حالة ارتكاب الضرر نتيجة لخطأ سلبي؟. بمعنى آخر هل يتحمل فاعل الضرر المسؤزولية عن الخطا السلبي؟ وهنا تندرج صورة من صور الخطا السلبي او وهي (الامتناع عن الفعل)، وهو الحالة التي يلتزم فيها الفرد بعدم القيام بعمل في الوقت الذي يفرض عليه القانون احيانا القيام بعمل. أو يفرض عليه الواجب القيام بعمل معين. أشكالية البحث: وهنا تثور أشكالية تتلخص في ما ياتي:

 1– ما هو الحكم القانوني في حالة امتناع الفرد عن القيام بعمل مفروضا عليه بحكم القانون او بحكم الواجب القانوني العام؟

2– هل يتساوى اثر الامتناع عن الفعل الذي يفرضه الواجب القانوني العام، مع الاثر الذي تفرضه النصوص القانونية الخاصة؟

3– هل يتساوى الحكم على الممتنع ناقص الاهلية، والممتنع كامل الاهلية؟

4– ماهو الحكم اذا كان الممتنع ناقص الاهلية، بمعنى ان يكون الضرر ترتب على امتناع شخصا ما عديم الاهلية؟ 5– وأخيرا ما هو موقف الفقه الاسلامي من هذه المسألة بالذات، وما هي اراء الفقهاء في الموضوع. هذه الاشكاليات جميعها سوف نجيب عنها في هذا البحث ان شاء الله تعالى.

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Prevalence, risk factors and association of renal artery stenosis with coronary artery disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography in Ibn-Al Bitar center for cardiac surgery
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Background:-Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease that often affects multiple vascular distributions in a single patient. The increased prevalence of renal artery stenosis in association with coronary artery disease has been well documented.
Objectives:-To examine in detail the prevalence of renal artery stenosis in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for suspected coronary artery disease.
Patients &methods:-Between April 2010 and February 2011, two hundred patients underwent coronary and renal angiography at the same session in Ibn Al-bitar Hospital for Cardiac Surgery. Clinical and procedural data for patients undergoing renal angiography were prospectively collected and entered into database specially designed for th

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 07 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The effective of utilization Blending learning on academic achievement in Biology course of second class students in secondary special schools in Omdurman Locality and attitudes towards it.
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This research aimed to definite Blending learning (BL) technique, and to know the impact of its use onacademic achievement in Biology course of second class students in secondary special schools in Omdurman Locality and attitudes towards it, to achieve this; researcher adopted the experimental method. The sample was selected of (41) students, chosen from Atabiyah school, were divided into two equals groups: one experimental group reached (26) students studied by using the  BL technique, and the second control group (25) students have been taught in the traditional method.

   Data has collected by using two tools: achievement test and a questionnaire for measuring the attitudes towards Blend

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of applying total quality management on the competitiveness from the point of view of the front-rows employees for customer service (An analytical study of Palestinian local banks)
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The study aimed to identify the effect of Total Quality Management on enhancing competitiveness through the opinions of employees of the front- rows of customer service in local Palestinian banks, the researcher adopted an analytical descriptive method through developing a special questionnaire to accomplish the study’s objectives and answer its questions. The study involved all the Palestinian local banks, with their scattered branches in West Bank. The study sample consisted of 3470 executive employees for banking services out of 4753 employees, in the rate of 73%, and the study sample reached (485) employees who were randomly selected working in the front -rows to provide services in the local Palestinian banks during the ye

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 17 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
/ E-Readiness, UTAUT Model, Social Commerce
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Abstract

Objective / Purpose: Online social relationships through the emergence of Web 2.0 applications have become a new trend for researchers to study the behavior of consumers to shop online, as well as social networking sites are technologies that opened up opportunities for new business models. Therefore, a new trend has emerged, called social trade technology. In order to understand the behavioral intentions of the beneficiaries to adopt the technology of social trade, the current research aims at developing an electronic readiness framework and UTAUT model to understand the beneficiary's adoption of social trade technology.

Design/ methodology/ Approach: To achieve the obje

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Diagnosis of the reality of the gap for the requirements of Business Continuity Management System According to International Standard (ISO 22301: 2012) in Midland Refineries Company (Daura Refinery)
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Abstract:

The current research included " Diagnosis of the reality of the gap for the requirements of Business Continuity Management System According to International Standard (ISO 22301: 2012) in Midland Refineries Company (Daura Refinery) " , for development of an administrative system for Business Continuity is considered a priority in the present day, and in the light of the organizations dependence on computers and information technology in work and communication with others . the international legitimacy (represented by the international organization for standardization (ISO)) remains the basis for matching and commitment , and the importance of the application of Business Continuity Management Syst

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Strategic Human Resource Management Practices and their reflections for Organizational Performance Improvement A Survey Study of the views of a sample of Managers Baghdad Soft Drinks company/ Zafaraniya
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The aims of research is to identify the role of strategic human resource management Practices in organizational performance improvement in the Baghdad soft drinks company, as well as the implications of the results for both managers and practitioners.

In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher designed questionnaire included (40) items to collect the initial data from the research sample consisting of (53) Single. In light of that has been collecting and analyzing data and test hypotheses using the statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS21), and use a number of statistical methods to achieve the goal of the research, including the means, standard deviations and simple correla

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 23 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Semi-Supervised Machine Learning Approach Using K-Means Algorithm to Prevent Burst Header Packet Flooding Attack in Optical Burst Switching Network
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Optical burst switching (OBS) network is a new generation optical communication technology. In an OBS network, an edge node first sends a control packet, called burst header packet (BHP) which reserves the necessary resources for the upcoming data burst (DB). Once the reservation is complete, the DB starts travelling to its destination through the reserved path. A notable attack on OBS network is BHP flooding attack where an edge node sends BHPs to reserve resources, but never actually sends the associated DB. As a result the reserved resources are wasted and when this happen in sufficiently large scale, a denial of service (DoS) may take place. In this study, we propose a semi-supervised machine learning approach using k-means algorithm

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Tax Planning Policy Directions for The Development of The Tax Outcome in Iraq for The Years (1990- 2010): An Applied Research at The General Board of Taxes
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The importance of research is to be considered by highlighting the tax policy in Iraq which extended for successive measurement of the amount of tax receipts for respective periods, the research problem represents security, economic and political issues that Iraq suffered which were very difficult since Nineties of the last century until now that led to a lake of clarity in tax policy trends, volatility in it and finally reflected on the tax revenues increase or decrease. One of the main recommendations of the research is: (The necessity to develop a deliberate strategy for tax policy in Iraq which should take into account financial, economic, and social goals in appropriate way).

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 08 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Measurement of Academic Stress Level in E-Learning Environment among Postgraduate Students at the College of Education, King Khalid University during Covid-19 Pandemic
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The study aims to measure the level of academic stress in the e-learning environment in three areas, students and their dealing with classmates, dealing with the professor and technical skills, and the nature and content of the curriculum among graduate students in the College of Education at King Khalid University during COVID-19 pandemic. This study was descriptive in nature (survey, comparative). The sample consisted of (512) male and female graduate students in the master's and doctoral programs. The Academic Stress Scale in the E-learning Environment designed by Amer (2021) was used. The results indicated a high level of academic stress among graduate students in the e-learning environment. The study also found that there were stati

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of the use of digital marketing channels on the implementation of the strategy of positioning Applied study on a sample of the managers of the International Company for smart card "Key Card"
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 The technology in continuous and quick development, that reflects in all parts of our life and interred both scientific and practical fields. Marketing is one of them, a customer’s way to deal with choosing and demanding the product deferent from the traditional way. Some of the buying processes are electronic now, therefore the current research is identifying the digital channels that entered the world of marketing and influenced the activities and types that fall under this name and how it affects in positioning strategy, which is how to install the product or brand in the mind of the customer and was dimensions (brand identity, brand personality, brand communication, brand awareness, brand image), The researcher took t

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