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أحكام الامتناع عن الفعل في المسؤولية عن الفعل الشخصي
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تترتب مسؤولية فاعل الضرر عن خطأه اذا الحق المخطيء ضررا بالغير، وهو امر لاخلاف عليه فقها وقانونا، وهو ما يعر ف بـ (الخطا الايجابي). فمتى وقع الضرر قامت مسؤولية المخطيء. ولا فرق هنا بين ناقص الاهلية او عديمها أو كاملها، فكل من الحق ضررا بالغير تحمل فاعل الضرر المسؤولية عن فعله. ولكن الامر ليس سيان بالنسبة للخطا السلبي، فهل تطبق قواعد الخطا الايجابي في حالة ارتكاب الضرر نتيجة لخطأ سلبي؟. بمعنى آخر هل يتحمل فاعل الضرر المسؤزولية عن الخطا السلبي؟ وهنا تندرج صورة من صور الخطا السلبي او وهي (الامتناع عن الفعل)، وهو الحالة التي يلتزم فيها الفرد بعدم القيام بعمل في الوقت الذي يفرض عليه القانون احيانا القيام بعمل. أو يفرض عليه الواجب القيام بعمل معين. أشكالية البحث: وهنا تثور أشكالية تتلخص في ما ياتي:

 1– ما هو الحكم القانوني في حالة امتناع الفرد عن القيام بعمل مفروضا عليه بحكم القانون او بحكم الواجب القانوني العام؟

2– هل يتساوى اثر الامتناع عن الفعل الذي يفرضه الواجب القانوني العام، مع الاثر الذي تفرضه النصوص القانونية الخاصة؟

3– هل يتساوى الحكم على الممتنع ناقص الاهلية، والممتنع كامل الاهلية؟

4– ماهو الحكم اذا كان الممتنع ناقص الاهلية، بمعنى ان يكون الضرر ترتب على امتناع شخصا ما عديم الاهلية؟ 5– وأخيرا ما هو موقف الفقه الاسلامي من هذه المسألة بالذات، وما هي اراء الفقهاء في الموضوع. هذه الاشكاليات جميعها سوف نجيب عنها في هذا البحث ان شاء الله تعالى.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 12 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Impact of Instructional Intervention about Personal Hygiene upon Women who complain Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
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Objective: To determine the impact of personal hygiene on woman who complain pelvic inflammatory disease Methodology: A quasi experimental study in the High Institute Infertility Diagnostic and A.R.T.(assistance reproductive technology) in AL-Kadimya city and al-Emamian al Kadmain medical city hospital. The sample collected during (26th ) January – (30th ) April 2014. A purposive sample of (60) women, (30) of them regard as study group and (30) regard as a control group whom they take routine care in the institute and hospital. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic data, reproductive heal

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 02 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Forkhead box P3 gene expression and chromosomal analysis in a sample of Iraqi patients with multiple sclerosis
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Background: Multiple Sclerosis disease is a demyelination process which interferes with the neuronal signal transmission, thus leading to different cognitive and physical dysfunctions like optic neuritis, motor, sensory and coordination problems. Recently many researches have been directed toward studying the relation between some genes and multiple sclerosis. Among the important genes to be studied in multiple sclerosis is the forkhead box P3 gene expression.
Objectives: The aims of the present work were to study the expression of forkhead box P3 gene by real time polymerase chain reaction, and to perform chromosomal analysis on the multiple sclerosis patients peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Patients and methods: A case-control stud

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 22 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Disclosure of related parties in accordance with the requirements of International Accounting Standards: إنموذج قاعدة محاسبية مقترحه
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        Positions related parties have become a regular feature and the general business and trade these days as it can enter the facilities in transactions with related parties on terms no enters them is with the parties relationship in normal circumstances, and that he found the funniest people relationship have an effect on the outcome of activity and financial position of the entity and its decisions financial and operational. In order to ensure "transparency" in the financial reports, most accounting around the world standards determines that disclosure of transactions with related parties, it is important to have a local accounting rules these relations as well as the unnecessary disclosure of the

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Molecular Identification of Fusobacterium Isolates and limitation of Biofilm Formation Adhesion Gene (fadA) in Dental Outpatients
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 Fusobacterium are compulsory anaerobic gram-negative bacteria, long thin with pointed ends, it causes several illnesses to humans like pocket lesion gingivitis and periodontal disease; therefore our study is constructed on molecular identification and detection of the fadA gene which is responsible for bacterial biofilm formation. In this study, 10.2% Fusobacterium spp. were isolated from pocket lesion gingivitis. The isolates underwent identification depending on several tests under anaerobic conditions and biochemical reactions. All isolates were sensitive to Imipenem (IPM10) 42.7mm/disk, Ciprofloxacin (CIP10) 27.2mm/disk and Erythromycin (E15) 25mm/disk, respectively. 100% of

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
التعارض بين الرواية والفتوى وأثره في اختلاف الفقهاء في أحكام العبادات
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فإن مسألة التعارض بين الرواية، والفتوى، من المسائل المشهورة عند الأصوليين والفقهاء، وهي من مباحث السنة عند الأصوليين، والتي تبنى عليها مسائل متعددة، وهي من أسباب اختلاف الفقهاء، فإذا ما روى أحد الرواة حديثاً معيناً، ثم عمل بخلاف ما روى، فللعلماء في ذلك خلاف، مبني على أن العبرة بروايته

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 10 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Legal Problems In one person company Limited liability
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The emergence of one-person company as a necessary to cope with the needs of the market and the result of economic development and trade activities and the need for the market for the emergence of many companies and increase the opportunity to work and eliminate unemployment. One person is a turning point because it will encourage many owners of economic activities to establish these companies properly legally, which has an impact on improving the economy in the indicators of global competitiveness and in order to reduce the sham companies, and the development of business Irrigation and investment activities practiced by the various companies have emerged the need for this company, has been e-commerce and its role in small and medium-siz

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 17 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Measurement of the serum level of Elabela for the early detection of acute kidney injury in hospitalized Iraqi COVID-19 patients
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Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is caused coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) affecting people worldwide. The angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2) represents a
receptor of SARS-CoV-2 on the infected host cell. Apelin or its receptor agonists suppress the production of
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II (Ang-II) and is characterized by a protective effect
against SARS-CoV-2.
Objective: The study aims to assess the serum level of Elabela biomarker as an early detector for Acute
Kidney Injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19.
Cases and Methods: This is a case-control study which included 45 hospitalized adult patients in multiple
centers (pu

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Screening Program for Idiopathic Scoliosis by Adam's Bending Forward Test of Prepubertal Children at Primary Schools in Baghdad City
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Objective: The study aimed to screen the prepubertal children for idiopathic scoliosis at earlier stages, and find
out the relationship between idiopathic scoliosis and demographic data such as age, sex, body mass index,
heavy backpacks, and heart & lung diseases.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on screening program for prepubertal children in primary
schools at Baghdad city, starting from 24th of February to the end of October 2010. Non- probability
(purposive) sample of 510 prepubertal children were chosen from primary schools of both sides of Al-Karkh
and Al-Russafa sectors. Data was collected through a specially constructed questionnaire format include (24)
items multiple choice questions, and

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Reflection of applying the requirement of IFRS 9 regards impairment of Banks loans on earning management in Iraqi Banks
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Impairment of financial assets defined according to IFRS 9 as the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to an entity in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive, the entity should estimates all the cash flows through looking to the contract terms during the life time period of the assets or for shorter period if possible, the cash flow should include the amounts of selling any collateral taken or any other enhancement. On the other hand, the Central bank of Iraq guidelines regards impairment differ from the IFRS 9 that’s does not consider the collateral value on calculating the impairment that’s effects on the net profit through recognizing exaggerated loss an

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The impact of initial credit ratingAnnouncement of bonds on stock prices: An analytical study in the Abu Dhabi Securities Market
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The purpose of the research is to investigate the response of stock prices of companies that issued debt instruments (bonds) listed on the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange for information content from the Moody's first credit rating announcements for the period 1 January 2005 - 30 May 2017. The study methodology was used to verify the existence of this response by the market and the Market efficiency of the Semi-strong shape.  The research focused on testing the impact of the initial announcement.The research showed that there is an influential information content to announce credit ratings in stock prices, with different responses between negative and positive. It was also found that the industrial sectors sample research separately d

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