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Utilization of Glycerol for Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis via Transesterfication Reaction over Bio-Char Catalyst prepared from reed plant
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Biodiesel production process was attracted more attention recently due to the surplus quantity of glycerol (G) as a byproduct from the process. Glycerol Utilization must take in to consideration to fix this issue also, to ensure biodiesel industry sustainability. Highly amount of Glycerol converted to more benefit material Glycerol carbonate (GC) was one of the most allurement compound derived from glycerol by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Various parameters have highly impact on transesterification was investigated like catalyst loading (1-5) %wt., molar ratio of DMC: glycerol (5:1 – 1:1), reaction time (30 - 150) min and temperature (40 – 80) ᴼC. The Optimum glycerol carbonate yield (YGC) and glycerol conversion (XG) was obtained 94.2% and 94.5% respectively at catalyst loading 5% wt., temperature 70ᴼC, DMC:G ratio 5:1 and 120 min. GC has large scale of uses such as liquid membrane in gas separation, surfactants ,detergents , blowing agent , in plastics industry, in  Pharmaceutical industry and electrolytes in lithium batteries.

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Some Game via Ἷ-Semi-g-Separation Axioms
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The research demonstrates new species of the games by applying separation axioms via  sets, where the relationships between the various species that were specified and the strategy of winning and losing to any one of the players, and their relationship with the concepts of separation axioms via  sets have been studied.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Some Games Via (D, DL) Compact Topological Groups
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    The aim of our work is to develop a new type of games which are related to (D, WD, LD) compactness of topological groups. We used an infinite game that corresponds to our work. Also, we used an alternating game in which the response of the second player depends on the choice of the first one. Many results of winning and losing strategies have been studied, consistent with the nature of the topological groups. As well as, we presented some topological groups, which fail to have winning strategies and we give some illustrated examples. Finally, the effect of functions on the aforementioned compactness strategies was studied.  

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 29 2025
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Development of Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Chlorpromazine-Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations Via Use Ion-Exchange to Overcome the Interfering Ions
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Publication Date
Mon Mar 13 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Assessment of Calcium Carbonate Coating on Osseointegration of Commercially Pure Titanium Implant by Torque Removal Test and Histomorphometric Analysis
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Abstract Background: One of the most important methods to replace lost teeth is dental implants. In order to increase the strength of connection of the implant with the jaw bone to provide early loading after placement, implant is coated by different coating materials that achieved that purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of coating CP Ti implant with calcium carbonate on the strength of bone-implant interface after two and six weeks of implantation in rabbit femur bone by torque removal test, histological and histomorphometric analysis. Materials and methods: Coating the surface of commercially pure titanium screws with extra pure synthetic calcium carbonate via electrophoretic deposition method (EPD) was done. The

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Asset Utilization Efficiency and its effect on the sustainable Stockholder’s Wealth: Apply Study of Iraqi Companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange
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The research discusses one of the most critical issues of corporate finance which is related to asset utilization efficiency. Researchers used internal growth rate as independent variable (Proxy of asset utilization efficiency) and sustainable growth rate-dependent variable (proxy of stockholders wealth). According to these two variables, researchers formulate major hypotheses (There is no significant effect of internal growth rate on sustainable growth rate), as well as two sub-hypotheses, examine the components of major variables. Sample of Iraqi industrial companies which listed in the Iraqi stock exchange selected to test and examine main hypotheses. Result of simple and multiple regressions explain there is a significant effect of i

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Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Bearing Capacity of Shallow Footing on Compacted Filling Dune Sand Over Reinforced Gypseous Soil
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Existence of these soils, sometimes with high gypsum content, caused difficult problems to the buildings and strategic projects due to dissolution and leaching of gypsum by the action of waterflow through soil mass. In this research, a new technique is adopted to investigate the performance of replacement and geosynthetic reinforcement materials to improve the gypseous soil behavior through experimential set up manufactured loaclally specially for this work. A series of tests were carried out using steel container (600*600*500) mm. A square footing (100*100) mm was placed at the center of the top surface of the bed soil. The results showed that the most effective thickness for the dune sand layer with geotextile at the interface, within

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Advanced Research In Dynamical And Control Systems
The impact of node density over routing protocols in manet by using NS-3
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Catalysis Science & Technology
Mechanisms governing selective hydrogenation of acetylene over γ-Mo<sub>2</sub>N surfaces
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We demonstrate that the selective hydrogenation of acetylene depends on energy profile of the partial and full hydrogenation routes and the thermodynamic stability of adsorbed C2H2 in comparison to C2H4.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Catalytic Conversion of Glucose into 5-hydroxymethyl furfural over Spent Dry Batteries as Catalysts
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Biomass is a popular renewable carbon source because it has a lot of potential as a substitute for scarce fossil fuels and has been used to make essential compounds like 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). One of the main components of biomass, glucose, has been extensively studied as a precursor for the production of HMF. Several efforts have been made to find efficient and repeatable procedures for the synthesis of HMF, a chemical platform used in the manufacturing of fuels and other high-value compounds. Sulfonated graphite (SG) was produced from spent dry batteries and utilized as a catalyst to convert glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading were the variables studied. When dimethyl sulfo

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
carcinogenicity of cadmium chloride via intraoeritoneal injection in albino rats
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Observed visually prominent lumps on the surface of the lung or embedded in lung tissue and microscopically Register Anfaj thrombosis with pulmonary carcinoma that took shape food or with the composition of the vesicles papillomavirus lining cells cubic vertical or connective tissue and increase

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