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Stabilization of Al-Rustamiya Waste Water Treatment Plant Sludge Using Lime
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A study was performed to evaluate heavy metals removal from sewage sludge using lime. The processes of stabilization using alkaline chemicals operating on a simple principle of raising pH to 12 or higher, with sufficient mixing and suitable contact time to ensure that immobilization can reduce heavy metals. A 0.157 m3 tank was designed to treat Al-Rustemeyia wastewater treatment plant sludge. Characteristics of raw sludge were examined through two parameters: pH and heavy metal analysis. Different lime doses of (0- 25) g CaO/100 g sludge were mixed manually with raw sludge in a rotating drum. The samples were analyzed two hours after mixing. pH and heavy metals results were compared with EPA and National Iraqi Standard (NIS). Results showed as lime was added, the concentration of heavy metals decreases the higher the dose, the less heavy metals concentrations in the sludge. Although the concentration of heavy metals in the sludge was among the determinants according to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the results showed that 750 g of lime per 3 kg of sludge had reduced the concentration of heavy metals zinc from (662.934) mg/kg sludge to (452.998) mg/kg sludge, copper from (113.101) mg/kg sludge to (64.981) mg/kg sludge, lead from (91.215) mg/kg sludge to (53.307) mg/kg sludge, nickel from 107.257 mg/kg sludge to (50.478) mg/kg sludge, molybdenum from (13.743) mg/kg sludge to (8.724) mg/kg sludge). At the same time, the dose of 450 g lime per 3 kg of sludge had reduced the concentration of chromium from (110.577) mg/kg sludge to (0) mg/kg sludge.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 18 2022
Journal Name
Materials Science Forum
The Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Manufactured HgBa<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>2.4</sub>Ag<sub>0.6</sub>O<sub>8+δ</sub> Compound
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In this article four samples of HgBa2Ca2Cu2.4Ag0.6O8+δ were prepared and irradiated with different doses of gamma radiation 6, 8 and 10 Mrad. The effects of gamma irradiation on structure of HgBa2Ca2Cu2.4Ag0.6O8+δ samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction. It was concluded that there effect on structure by gamma irradiation. Scherrer, crystallization, and Williamson equations were applied based on the X-ray diffraction diagram and for all gamma doses, to calculate crystal size, strain, and degree of crystallinity. I

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-nahrain Journal Of Science
Chemical Elements Diffusion in the Solar Interior
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