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Investigation of Optimum Heat Flux Profile Based on the Boiling Safety Factor
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An experimental study is conducted to investigate the effect of heat flux distribution on the boiling safety factor of its cooling channel. The water is allowed to flow in a horizontal circular pipe whose outlet surface is subjected to different heat flux profiles. Four types of heat flux distribution profiles are used during experiments: (constant distribution profile, type a, triangle distribution profile with its maximum in channel center, type b, triangle distribution profile with its maximum in the channel inlet, type c, and triangle distribution profile with its maximum in the channel outlet, type d). The study is conducted using heat sources of (1000 and 2665W), water flow rates of (5, 7 and 9 lit/min). The water temperature at cooling channel inlet is kept constant at (25°C). Copper test section of (0.6 m) length (0.025m) inner diameter is used during the experiments. The electrical heater used for water heating is wrapped around the copper pipe covering (50 cm) of its length. Calibrated thermocouples are distributed along pipe surface at distances (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 m) from pipe inlet to measure pipe surface temperature. The results shows that the heat source with heat flux profile of type (c) is the most reliable one from thermo-hydraulic safety point of view for both types of heat sources, as it ensures a maximum boiling safety factor (K) of (1.6, 1.7, 2) at water flow rates of (5, 7 and 9 lit/min) respectively based on maximum heat capacity of (2665 w), while the heat source with heat flux profile of type (d) which posses minimum boiling safety factors of (1, 1.2, 1.3) at water flow rates of (5, 7 and 9 lit/min) respectively based on same heat capacity value is the worst one from same point of view.

 

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Aesthetic and expressive characteristics in the works of Jean Dubuffet
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The research presented the tagged (aesthetic and expressive characteristics in the works of Jean Dubuffet), so the research objective was: to know the aesthetic and expressive characteristics in the works of (Jean Dubuffet), and the research included four chapters. The aim of the research, the limits of the research, and the definition of terms. The second chapter included four topics. The first topic presented the aesthetic essence and style, while the second topic dealt with expressionism: approaches in concept and meaning.
While the third topic was preoccupied with presenting the aesthetic and expressiveness in the drawings of modernity and beyond, while the fourth topic dealt with: Jean Dubuffet and the experience of raw art. Th

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 21 2025
Journal Name
American Journal Of Research In Humanities And Social Sciences
Jurisdiction In Outer Space From The Perspective Of International Law
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This research aims to clarify the principles governing the exploration and utilization of outer space, emphasizing the role of international law, particularly international criminal law, in addressing crimes committed beyond Earth whether aboard spacecraft, the International Space Station, or in outer space generally. It examines relevant international treaties governing outer space activities, evaluates their strengths and ambiguities, and highlights deficiencies in their provisions. Furthermore, the study analyzes traditional principles of state criminal jurisdiction territoriality, nationality, universality, and protection and assesses their applicability to offenses committed in outer space.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 31 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Hydrochemistry of the Dammam Unconfined Aquifer Southern Desert, West Iraq
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The type of groundwater in the studied area is slightly brackish. In general, the dominant water type is calcium-sulfate. The reasons behind these different chemical groundwater types can be referred to the active ion exchange between the groundwater of the Dammam aquifer and Rus Formation. The groundwater of the Dammam unconfined aquifer is not suitable for human drinking in all the parameters properties. The groundwater class is fair in the Qasir Al-Ukhaider area, while the Shebcha area and Al-Salman area are poor class except the eastern part of Al-Salman area is very poor.

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The Discussion of Language and Poetry in A.R. Ammons's Garbage
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  A.R. Ammons's  Garbage is a unique poem in all measures, starting from the title to the subject matter of the poem.  Though it discusses the ecological repercussion of waste management, the long poem is written to shed light on the correlation between language\poetry and garbage. The paper argues that in his examination of language\poetry and garbage as both reflectors of human life and experience, Ammons claims that redemption is possible through both language and garbage by scrutinizing human experience whether low or high, mundane or sacred. This paper tries to examine Ammons's  efforts to use the farfetched metaphor of garbage to discuss language and poetry-writing.  

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Evaluating the Performance of Combined Equipment (RAU) and Field Tested
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Abstract<p>An experiment was carried out evaluate the performance of RAU combined equipment under three levels of practical speed, (V1) 4.06 km. h<sup>-1</sup>, (V2) 4.43 km. hr<sup>-1</sup> and (V3) 5.76 km. hr<sup>-1</sup>, and three levels of depth with 10,20and 30 cm. It is denoted by D1, D2, D3 respectively. A split plot design was used within the RCBD design with three replications. The experiment results showed that the first practical speed 4.06 km.hr<sup>-1</sup> achieved the lowest slippage percentage from 9.61%, lowest traction power 14.65hp, lowest soil penetration resistance to1.34 kg.cm<sup>-2</sup>, and the highest total operating </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 13 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Developing an Achievement Test in Light of the Specifications Table
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Abstract

The research addresses the specification table and the extent of its use in developing achievement tests, as well as detects the obstacles to its use through a sample of (120) respondents from the faculty members in some Baghdad schools and colleges. After unpacking and processing the data statistically, the research reached several results: the study sample do not use the test map in the development of their tests, as their percentage reached (82%) and there are no statistically significant differences in the use of the specification table by the sample members according to their place of work or the number of years of experience. The results also revealed the most important reasons that prevent the use

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Enhancing the Performance of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Using Permanent Magnets
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A cantilevered piezoelectric beam with a tip mass at its free end is a common energy harvester configuration. This paper introduces a new principle of designing such a harvester which increases the generated voltage without changing the natural frequency of the harvester: The attraction force between two permanent magnets is used to add stiffness to the system. This magnetic stiffening counters the effect of the tip mass on the natural frequency. Three setups incorporating piezoelectric bimorph cantilevers of the same type in different mechanical configurations are compared theoretically and experimentally to investigate the feasibility of this principle. Theoretical and experimental results show that magnetically stiffe

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2013
Journal Name
International Journal Of Physics And Research
THE MECHANISM OF SN1987A EXPLOSION AND ITS EJECTA MASS ENVELOPE
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Optical spectrum of SN1987A at days 4 from the explosion and its light curve through the first 1444 days after the explosion have been studied. The hydrogen lines present in the spectrum confirms the general characteristics of Type II SN that occur due to core collapse of massive star. Each of the total mass ejected from the explosion and the amount of the total mass of Nickel radioactive isotopes that produced during the explosion as well as the initial velocity of the ejecta and the explosion energy have been determined and compared with different observed and calculated models obtained by different researchers and it’s found that, about 8.8 Mʘ of the progenitor envelope mass had been ejected during the explosion and it’s mixed with

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Employment of health materials in the internal administra-tive spaces
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 The internal administrative spaces of the interior designer formed an obsession for their development and for finding solutions and treatments to advance to enhance the state of adaptation for their employees by providing a healthy, appropriate and sound environment for work and production. . The first chapter focuses on laying theoretical foundations to show what health materials are used in the administrative spaces of the training directorates of the Ministry of Education in Baghdad. The second chapter dealt with the knowledge of health materials, their impact and effectiveness in the interior space, and the variables of their functional characteristics and their work in the interior spaces in a way that enhances the development of

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 19 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
Aesthetic and dramatic dimensions of silence in the feature film
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        Which was entitled : Aesthetic and dramatic dimensions of silence in the feature film , and the researcher clearly define after removing the confusion existing in some authorized sources , as for the concept of silence , adopted in this research is : the death of the audio stream , Hence the researcher shed a light on the aesthetic and the dramatic role of silence in the feature film , through the handing of the silent scenes ( absolute silence ) in the film research divided this research into four chapters . This first Chapter includes : methodological framework , which represents the research problem , which came with the following question : what is the mechanism of productive silence to the

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