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Investigation of R134a Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in the Evaporator Test Section of Refrigeration System
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This paper presents an experimental and theoretical analysis to investigate the two-phase flow boiling heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of the refrigerant R-134a in the evaporator test section of the refrigeration system under different operating conditions. The test conditions considered are, for heat flux (13.7-36.6) kW/m2, mass flux (52-105) kg/m2.s, vapor quality (0.2-1) and saturation temperature (-15 to -3.7) ˚C. Experiments were carried out using a test rig for a 310W capacity refrigeration system, which is designed and constructed in the current work. Investigating of the experimental results has revealed that, the enhancement in local heat transfer coefficient for relatively higher heat flux 36.6 kW/m2 was about 38% compared to 13.7 kW/m2 at constant operating conditions. The enhancement in heat transfer coefficient was about 57% when the mass flux increased from 52 kg/m2.s to 105 kg/m2.s at constant test conditions. The enhancement in the heat transfer coefficient was about 64% when the saturation temperature increased from -8 to -3.7 at fixed refrigerant mass velocity and heat flux. The effect of mass velocity on pressure drop was relatively higher by about 27% than that for heat flux at specified test conditions. The comparison between the experimental and theoretical results has shown an acceptable agreement with an average deviation of 21%.

 

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 25 2020
Journal Name
Al-nahrain Journal For Engineering Sciences
Comparison Sequences of Pick and Place System Controlled Using PLC
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Pick and place system is one of the significant employments of modern robots utilized in industrial environments. The objective of this research is to make a comparison of time sequences by combining multiple axes of sequences. A pick-place system implemented with pneumatic linear double-acting cylinders to applicator in automated systems processes for manufacturing. The challenge of 3-axes movement control was achieved using the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) controller such that the merging between two or three axes was achieved according to the selected sequence of the program. The outcomes show the contrasted sequences and the reference in a constant velocity. The main variable parameter is the number of steps for each sequ

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Publication Date
Wed May 15 2024
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
Preparation and Optimization of Olanzapine as Transdermal Nanoparticles Delivery System
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Background: The treatment of schizophrenia typically involves the use of olanzapine (OLZ), a typical antipsychotic drug that has poor oral bioavailability due to its low solubility and first-pass effect.  Objective: To prepare and optimize OLZ as nanoparticles for transdermal delivery to avoid problems with oral administration. Methods: The nanoprecipitation technique was applied for the preparation of eight OLZ nanoparticles by using different polymers with various ratios. Nanoparticles were evaluated using different methods, including particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency (EE%), zeta potential and an in vitro release study. The morphology was evaluated by a field emission scanning electron microscope (F

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 28 2018
Journal Name
2018 4th International Conference On Computer And Technology Applications (iccta)
Improving accuracy of CADx system by hybrid PCA and backpropagation
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—Medical images have recently played a significant role in the diagnosis and detection of various diseases. Medical imaging can provide a means of direct visualization to observe through the human body and notice the small anatomical change and biological processes associated by different biological and physical parameters. To achieve a more accurate and reliable diagnosis, nowadays, varieties of computer aided detection (CAD) and computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) approaches have been established to help interpretation of the medical images. The CAD has become among the many major research subjects in diagnostic radiology and medical imaging. In this work we study the improvement in accuracy of detection of CAD system when comb

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Publication Date
Mon May 27 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Design and Implementation of SCADA System for Sugar Production Line
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SCADA is the technology that allows the operator to gather data from one or more various facilities and to send control instructions to those facilities.  This paper represents an adaptable and low cost SCADA system for a particular sugar manufacturing process, by using Programmable Logic Controls (Siemens s7-1200, 1214Dc/ Dc/ Rly). The system will control and monitor the laboratory production line chose from sugar industry. The project comprises of two sections the first one is the hardware section that has been designed, and built using components suitable for making it for laboratory purposes, and the second section was the software as the PLC programming, designing the HMI, creating alarms and trending system. The system will ha

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Design and Implementation of a Telemetry System for Environmental Applications
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The Environmental Data Acquisition Telemetry System is a versatile, flexible and economical means to accumulate data from multiple sensors at remote locations over an extended period of time; the data is normally transferred to the final destination and saved for further analysis.

This paper introduces the design and implementation of a simplified, economical and practical telemetry system to collect and transfer the environmental parameters (humidity, temperature, pressure etc.) from a remote location (Rural Area) to the processing and displaying unit.

To get a flexible and practical system, three data transfer methods (three systems) were proposed (including the design and implementation) for rural area services, the fi

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 31 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Design and Implementation of a Pharmaceutical Inventory Database Management System
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The main aim of this paper are the design and implementation of a pharmaceutical inventory database management system. The system was implemented by creating a database containing information about the stored medicines in the inventory, customers making transactions with the pharmaceutical trading company (which owns the inventory), medical suppliers, employees, payments, etc. The database was connected to the main application using C sharp. The proposed system should help in manag inginventory operations which include adding/updating employees’ information, preparing sale and purchase invoices, generating reports, adding/updating customers and suppliers, tracking customer payments and checking expired medicines in order to be disposed

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 27 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Preparation and Evaluation of Meloxicam Microsponges as Transdermal Delivery System
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The aim of present study was to develop gel formulation of microsponges of poorly soluble drug meloxicam (MLX) in order to enhance the release and dissolution of MLX which is the limitation for preparation in topical forms. Also skin delivery is an alternative administration for MLX that can minimize gastrointestinal (GI) side effects and improve patient compliance. The microsponges of MLX were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method.  The effects of drug:polymer ratio, stirring time and Eudragit polymer type on the physical characteristics of microsponges were investigated and characterized for production yield, loading efficiency, particle size, surface morphology, and in vitro drug release from microsponges. The selec

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 09 2021
Journal Name
Design Engineering
The Impact of Transforming the Educational System in Iraq from 6-3-3 to 4-4-4 on Educational Planning Standards and the Deficiency of School Buildings (Primary and Secondary Education)
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        Educational services in Iraq face many problems that have reduced the efficiency of the educational process, as a result of the difficult conditions experienced by educational services in Iraq. This led to the accumulation of these problems and their exacerbation significantly over the years, as there was no fundamental solution to these problems. The study proposes a planning method for managing the educational system in Iraq, especially for the primary and secondary levels, where these negative phenomena are very prominent, especially the deficit in school buildings and the phenomenon of overcrowding in classrooms.      &am

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 26 2010
Journal Name
Wireless Personal Communications
Security Problems in an RFID System
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Develop Bactra system to determine Mutagens in the Environment, Food / IV modified Mutagens use of hydroxylamine
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Use Almtafr axis to study the response component that isolates gave a positive response to the use of standard Almtafr which leads to lower the temperature and the number of cells at a temperature suitable Rifampicin resistant less than that TJ and similarly reflected on the frequency of mutations induced

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