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An Optimum Strategy for Producing Precise GPS Satellite Orbits using Double-Differenced Observations
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Both the double-differenced and zero-differenced GNSS positioning strategies have been widely used by the geodesists for different geodetic applications which are demanded for reliable and precise positions. A closer inspection of the requirements of these two GNSS positioning techniques, the zero-differenced positioning, which is known as Precise Point Positioning (PPP), has gained a special importance due to three main reasons. Firstly, the effective applications of PPP for geodetic purposes and precise applications depend entirely on the availability of the precise satellite products which consist of precise satellite orbital elements, precise satellite clock corrections, and Earth orientation parameters. Secondly, the PPP processing strategy has been employed by the International GNSS Service (IGS) and IGS analysis centers to evaluate their products in terms of homogeneity and precision over a long period of time. Thirdly, the precise positions, which are determined using PPP technique, and are referenced directly to the geodetic reference frame of the satellite orbital parameters. Thus, the definition of the geodetic datum of the site coordinates using different strategies plays an enormous role in the process of generation satellite orbital parameters which have to be compatible with the corresponding satellite clock corrections and the Earth orientation parameters. This study focuses on producing uninterrupted series of satellite orbit and clock products using different criteria and assesses these products using PPP. The double-difference processing technique was used to achieve the goal of this study by Bernese GPS software version 5.0. Twenty-two globally distributed IGS stations were selected to run PPP based on the generated products and then compare the results with corresponding PPP results which were created based on the IGS rapid products. The comparison pointed to a significant improvement in the generated precise products which have considerably increased the precision of positions. What is more, this study stated that there is an observable agreement between the horizontal positions accuracies which are generated using different techniques for modeling the reference frame.

 

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 02 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of Numbered Heads Strategy on Developing Oral Expression Skills among Fifth-Grade Primary Students
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This research aims to identify the effect of numbered heads strategy on developing oral expression skills among fifth-grade primary students in Bisha Province. To achieve this, the researcher prepared a research tool represented in the observation card which consists of (27) statements distributed in four axes. The tool was sent to (5) experts in the field to verify their validity. In light of their corrections, the tool was developed to be valid for gathering field information. To verify the validity of the content and the reliability of the tool, the researcher applied it to a sample consists of (20) students from outside the research group. The overall coefficient of correlation between the statements of the tool is as follows: (.95,

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Succinic acid Production Strategy: Raw material, Organisms and Recent Applications in pharmaceutical and Food: Critical Review
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Succinic acid is an essential base ingredient for manufacturing various industrial chemicals. Succinic acid has been acknowledged as one of the most significant bio based building block chemicals. Rapid demand for succinic acid has been noticed in the last 10 years. The production methods and mechanisms developed. Hence, these techniques and operations need to be revised. Recently, an omnibus rule for developing succinic acid is to find renewable carbohydrate Feedstocks. The sustainability of the resource is crucial to disintegrate the massive use of petroleum based-production. Accordingly, systematically reviewing the latest findings of bacterial production and related fermentation methods is critical. Therefore, this paper aims to stud

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 20 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Emerging Technologies In Learning (ijet)
Impact of a Proposed Strategy According to Luria’s Model in Realistic Thinking and Achievement in Mathematics
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The research aims to find the impact of a proposed strategy according to the Luria model on realistic thinking among fifth-class scientific students and their achievement in mathematics. To achieve it, the experimental research method and the quasi-experimental design were used for two equal groups, one of them is a control group taught in traditional way and the other is an experimental one taught according to strategy based on Luria model. The research community represents the students of the fifth scientific class from the General Directorate of Education of Karkh First. The research sample (40) students were deliberately chosen and distributed equally between the two groups after making sure that they were equals in their previo

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Effectiveness of an Educational Program For Early Intervention depending on Illustrative Pictures to Acquire some concepts For Children with Hearing impairment
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“Child of today is a man of the future" this slogan is one of the most popular logos of international organizations and institutions that dealing with human beings needs in general and children needs in particular, whether these needs are educational, health, social, or economic. Children require special care and extra legal protection, since the child-raising is not the Child’s own issue, but it's the issue of the society in which he/she would integrate.

As the education and language skillsacquisition primarily associated with hearing, because human being receives most of the skills and knowledge through the hearing; that imitate sounds and learn how to speak isacquired only by hearing, so therefore the hearing - impairedchi

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 29 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Factors Affecting in Planning of Current Expenditurs For Federal Public Budget of State: An Applied Research For ASample of Health Ministry Depatments
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Increasing interest in planning at the level of government units as a means to manage the physical and human resources, direct and invest in areas that would include an increase in the economies of the general government units that are part of the general economics of the state.The research problem lies in the introduction of the factors influencing the ongoing expenses that adversely affect the financial planning process at the level of the Ministry of Health Planning, which affects the quality of services provided to citizens, so I sought the researchers to study the reality of financial planning in some of the Ministry of Health and health departments through the analysis of current budgets and diagnose deviations in the implementatio

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 28 2025
Journal Name
Retos
The effect of the beehive strategy on deliberate thinking and learning the setting skill of volleyball among female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman
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Objective: Develop a deliberate thinking scale for the setting skill in volleyball for second-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman. Research methodology: The researchers used the experimental approach, employing a two-group approach (pre-test and post-test), to suit the nature of the research. The research community comprised (65) second-year female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman at the University of Baghdad for the academic year 2024-2025. The research sample was randomly selected, with (15) students in Section A, the experimental group, and (15) students in Section B, the control group. This group represented (46%) of the students. Th

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
Modern Sport
The impact of the question network strategy in accordance with mental capacity in the strength of cognitive control in the subject of teaching methods of sports education for undergraduate students
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The study aimed at identifying the mental capacity of the research sample and classifying them for the purposes of the study, preparing the scale of cognitive control of the subject of teaching methods of sports education, preparing educational units by establishing the question network for the subject of the teaching methods of sports education, and adopting the experimental method by experimental design workers (2×2) for the two groups The limits of the research community are represented by third-stage students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Science in the morning study of the College of Knowledge, the Community University, which continues in the regular working hours of the year (2019-2020) adult Their number

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 28 2025
Journal Name
Retos
The effect of the beehive strategy on deliberate thinking and learning the setting skill of volleyball among female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman
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Objective: Develop a deliberate thinking scale for the setting skill in volleyball for second-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman. Research methodology: The researchers used the experimental approach, employing a two-group approach (pre-test and post-test), to suit the nature of the research. The research community comprised (65) second-year female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman at the University of Baghdad for the academic year 2024-2025. The research sample was randomly selected, with (15) students in Section A, the experimental group, and (15) students in Section B, the control group. This group represented (46%) of the students. Th

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Clinical And Experimental Dentistry
Eradication of mature biofilm from the isthmus region using Er, Cr: YSGG Laser as an activator of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Medicine And Life
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using a low-power 650 nm laser to inhibit oral Candida albicans activity: an in vitro study
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