antimicrobial solutions against Coliforms, E. coli O157: H7, yeasts and molds were evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Chitosan (CH) exhibited best antimicrobial activity against the treated microorganisms at concentration of (5%) with contact time for 6hrs at refrigeration temperature (4ÚC), zones of inhibition for (GA) and (CH) for each solution alone ranging from (0 to 10 mm), chitosan solution (CH) exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities, Gum Arabic washing solution showed significant antibacterial activity (P < 0.05) against the microorganisms at concentration (15%), without inhibitory effect against E. coli O157:H7 at concentration (10%), in the current study the results confirmed that (15%) (w/v) of GA and 5%

Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder that has an impact on general health, dental health and salivary composition. The mineralization of teeth happens simultaneously with that of the skeleton, but if mineral metabolism is disrupted, tooth failures will resemble those that affect bone tissue. Vitamin D plays a key role in bone and tooth mineralization.

Objective: to evaluate the impact of osteoporosis on teeth decay in relation to salivary vitamin D among menopause in Baghdad city.

Subjects and Methods: This study was cross sectional study. The study group consists of

Background: Non-nutritive sucking habits are common in infants and toddlers. One of the most common non-nutritive sucking habits is pacifier; its prevalence varies from one population to another. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of pacifier sucking habit among children aged 1-5 years old in Baghdad city and to assess its effect on the occlusion of primary dentition concerning posterior crossbite. Materials and methods: The study was carried out among 1222 children aged 1-5 years old, from which 50 children with continues pacifier sucking habit were chosen to be the study group, compared to 50 children without any sucking habit (control group) matching the study group in age and gender. Children were examined clinically t

Objective: To evaluate nurses' practices concerning isolation techniques for Adult Leukemic Patients (ALP).
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at the isolation rooms at leukemic wards in Baghdad Teaching
Hospitals, starting from Jan. 27th 2008 up to the 27th of Apr. 2008. To achieve the objectives of study, a non-probability
"purposive" sample of (50) nurse was selected out of four Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad city were selected according
to the criteria of the study sample.
The study instrument consisted of two major parts. It is based on the review of literature. First is concerned with
demographic data for nurses; and the second part is observational tool (checklist) is composed of (83) item. The conte

     Soil acts as a last sink for elements that people release into the environment through a range of activities due to its physiochemical characteristics. These substances, whether are organic or mineral pollutants, accumulate in the soil and constitute a significant risk to the ecosystem in general because they mess with the chemical and physical equilibrium of the soil, get into the food chain, and eventually get to people. When pollutant concentrations during the bioaccumulated process exceed the global standards for what is regarded as a contaminant in water, air, and soil. Nine soil samples were collected from different sites and two samples from each site at two depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) to determine if there were any

Objective)s): To evaluate the quality of life for adult clients with hypermobility syndrome at private clinics in Baghdad City. Methodology: A cross-sectional study used a purposive ‘’non-probability’’ sample of (75) adult clients with Hypermobility Syndrome (HMS) male and female who age (25-64) years. The data were collected through the utilization of standard developed questionnaire of the world health organization (WHO). Data collected by interview with each client who is involved in the study. Each interview takes approximately (20) minutes. Results: The study revealed that there is an effect of hypermobility syndrome on the quality of life, which recorded fair level in general. The study also reported that there is an effect

The aim of this research is to identify the level of health services provided in the health centers operating in the family medicine system in Baghdad, and to determine the extent to which these health centers are applied to the internationally recognized standards , "Defining the quality of service gap between health care centers operating in the family medicine system and the standards adopted by the corresponding international centers (Al-Shabab Model Family Medicine Center, Al-Jahad Family Health Center, Al-Adhamiya Family Health Center, Al-Zawiya Family Health Center), and in view of what our health institutions are facing. The family of primary health care centers has difficulties, obstacles and challenges such as the diffi

Scientific research on the environment of the Iraqi marshes, its beauty and its characteristics is considered one of the most important functions of Iraqi universities and scientific institutions, because of its great historical impact related to the identity of Iraq and the Iraqis and the basis of science and science, through which the first letter and the first human civilizations were established and in the same importance technical research is among the most important functions of departments Institutes and colleges of the arts, research centers and museums inside and outside Iraq. Also, research centers specialized in the natural environment of Iraq, including the marshes. Therefore, it is hoped that this research will develop the a

The aim of this work was directed to measure the cosmic ray (CR)
flux and the background (BG) absorbed dose rate for districts of
Baghdad city. The maximum values of CR flux was 2.01
(particle/cm2.s) registered for several Baghdad districts and the
minimum was 0.403 (particle/cm2.s) belonging to Al-kadhimiya
district, whereas the overall average value was 1.24 (particle/cm2.s).
The BG measurements showed that the maximum absorbed dose was
25 nSv/h belonging to Noab AL-Dhbat district and the minimum
absorbed was 19.01 nSv/h observed in Al-Ghadeer district, while
the overall average was 22.56 nSv/h, and this value is small than the
Iraqi permissible limit, which is restricted by Iraqi Center of
Radiation Pr

Recently heavy rainfall that occurs in last decade for Baghdad city is part of climate changes effect on Iraq in general and Baghdad in particular. Rain is considered the main part in the water cycle as it enters mainly within the water system and water balance; therefore present study put of a special criterion to determine the amount of rainfall and analyzed in order to quantify the amount and the diagnosis of heavy rain. The availability of data by Iraqi Metrological  Organization  and Seismology (IMOS) for time period (1985/1986-2014/2015) held achieve the research objective .There are many statistical methods figure out  the difference to determine the amount of rain, Climatology mean  (C M) is one of them specia