Background: The hybrid compounds hold promise for developing novel pharmaceuticals, potentially exhibiting greater activity, mainly against viruses and cancer diseases, than their components.

Objective: In this study, researchers explored the potential synergistic effects of hybrid molecules by designing and synthesizing a series of isatin-gallate hybrids, denoted as N’-(5-substituted-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide (3a–d).

Methods: Isatin-gallate hybrids (3a–d) were synthesized by reacting gallic hydrazide with each of the isatin analogs (2a–d). The structures of all produced comp

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene at locations -308G/A, -857C/T, and -863C/A with the tendency of being non-responder to etanercept.

Patients and methods: Between October 2020 and August 2021, a total of 80 patients (10 males, 70 females; mean age: 50 years; range, 30 to 72 years) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving etanercept for at least six months were included. The patients were divided into two groups responders and non-responders, based on their response after six months of continuous treatment. Following polymerase chain reac

Background: In young adults, multiple sclerosis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory demyelinating condition. It is characterized by white matter affection, but many individuals also have significant gray matter involvement. A double-inversion recovery pulse (DIR) pattern was recently proposed to improve the visibility of multiple sclerosis lesions. Objective: To find out how well a DIR sequence, FLAIR, and T2-weighted pulse sequences can find MS lesions in the supratentorial and infratentorial regions. Methods: A total of 37 patients with established diagnoses of multiple sclerosis were included in this cross-sectional study. Brain MRI was done using double inversion recovery, T2, and FLAIR sequences. The number of lesions was count

The new 4-[(7-chloro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole)azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (L) have been synthesized and characterized by micro elemental and thermal analyses as well as 1H.NMR, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. (L) acts as a ligand coordinating with some metal ionsV(IV), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II). Structures of the new compounds were characterized by elemental and thermal analyses as well as FT-IR and UV-Vis Spectra. The magnetic properties and electrical conductivities of metal complexes were also determined. Study of the nature of the complexes formed in ethanol following the mole ratio method.. The work also include a theoretical treatment of the formed complexes in the gas phase, this was done using the (hyperch

The Co (II), Ni (II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of mixed of amino acid (L-Alanine ) and Trimethoprim antibiotic were synthesized. The complexes were characterized using melting point, conductivity measurement and determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by flame (AAS). Magnetic susceptibility, Spectroscopic Method [FTIR and UV-Vis]. The general formula have been given for the prepared mixed ligand complexes [M(Ala)2(TMP)(H2O)] where L- alanine (abbreviated as (Ala ) = (C5H9NO2) deprotonated primary ligand, L- Alanine ion .= (C5H8NO2 -) Trimethoprim (abbreviated as (TMP ) = C10H11N3O3S M(II) = Co (II),Ni(II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II). The results showed that the deprotonated L- Alanine by KOH (Ala

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a public health problem and many studies support the link between kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular events.  Aldosterone has been shown for decades that a plasma aldosterone concentration is elevated in CKD. Whilst, Osteoprotegerin (OPG), after its capacity to protect bone, also osteoprotegerin is elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), where it could predict the deterioration of kidney function, cardiovascular, vascular events and all-cause mortality. On the other hand, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), in patients with CKD, its levels seem to increase progressively as kidney function worsens. The aim of the present study is to assess the correlations between serum osteoprotegerin

The prostaglandins inside inflamed tissues are produced by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), making it an important target for improving anti-inflammatory medications over a long period. Adverse effects have been related to the traditional usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of inflammation, mainly centered around gastrointestinal (GI) complications. The current research involves the creation of a virtual library of innovative molecules showing similar drug properties via a structure-based drug design. A library that includes five novel derivatives of Diclofenac was designed. Subsequently, molecular docking through the Glide module and determining the binding free energy implementing the P

In this work , the ligand [N-(4-Methoxybenzoyl amino)-thioxomethyl] Methionine acid  has been synthesized by the reaction of 4- Methoxybenzoyl isothiocyanate with methionine acid . The metal complexes were prepared through the reaction of metals chlorides of Co(II) , Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) in ethanol as solvent . The ligand (MbM) and its metal complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis (CHNS), IR, 1H-13CNMR and UV- Vis spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar conductivity, melting points and atomic absorption. The metal-ligand ratio was determined by mole ratio method. The suggested structures for the Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) complexes are tetrahedral geometry and  the Cu(II) complex

Novel bidentate Schiff bases having nitrogen-sulphur donor sequence was synthesized from condensation of racemate camphor, (R)-camphor and (S)-camphor with Methyl hydrazinecarbodithioate (SMDTC). Its metal complexes were also prepared through the reaction of these ligands with silver and bismuth salts. All complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and various physico-chemical techniques. These Schiff bases behaved as uninegatively charged bidentate ligands and coordinated to the metal ions via ?-nitrogen and thiolate sulphur atoms. The NS Schiff bases formed complexes of general formula, [M(NS)2] or [M(NS)2.H2O] where M is BiIII or AgI, the expected geometry is octahedral for Bi(III) complexes while Ag(I) is expected to oxidized t