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Comparative Study between Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Electroplating Wastewater
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The present work aimed to study the efficiency of nanofiltration (NF) and reverseosmosis (RO) process for water recovery from electroplating wastewater and study the factors affecting the performance of two membrane processes. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosismembranes are made from polyamide as spiral wound module. The inorganic materials ZnCl 2 CuCl2 .2H2O, NiCl.2.6H2O and CrCl3.6H2O were used as feed solutions. The operating parametersstudied were: operating time, feed concentrations for heavy metal ions, operating pressure, feed flow rate, feed temperature and feed pH. The experimental results showed, the permeateconcentration increased and water flux decreased with increase in time from 0 to 70 min. Thepermeate concentrations increased and flux  decreased with increase in feed concentrations from 10 to 300 mg/l. Raising of pressure from 1 to 4 bar, permeate concentration decreased for ROfor NF decreased and then increased at high pressure and increase the flux. The rises of flow ratefrom 20 to 50 l/h decreased permeate concentration and the flux increase. The rises oftemperature from 26 to 40 °C, increased permeate concentration and increased the flux. The risein pH from 4 to 7, decreased the flux as the pH goes from acidic side towards alkaline. Thepolyamide nanofiltration membrane had allowed permeation of chromium and copper ions tolower than permissible limits. Nanofiltration membrane had allowed permeation of nickel andzinc ions at low concentration of these ions. The polyamide RO membrane gave a highefficiency for removal of chromium, copper, nickel and zinc and it had allowed permeation ofthese ions to the lower than permissible limits. The rejection at first three minutes when the feed concentration approximately was constant for chromium in NF and RO, was 99.7% and 99.93%for copper was 98.43% and 99.33%, for zinc was 97.96% and 99.49%, and for nickel was97.18% and 99.49% respectively. The maximum recovery for chromium in NF and RO was
71.75% and 48.5%, for copper was 75.62% and 50.68%, for zinc was 80.87% and 54.56%, fornickel was 60.06% and 46.18% respectively. For a mixture of synthetic electroplating wastewater, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes have a high rejection percentage for heavy metal ions. It was obtained pure water and concentrations of less than allowable limits forheavy metals in the case of the mixture.  
 

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Statistical study for Indian quasi-stable population
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During more than (50) years past, India has achieved considerable social and economic progress. It is also generally assumed that the future progress will be even more rapid and that India will be an important player in the global market. India has only (2.5) percent of global land whereas it has to provide home for one-sixth of world's population .On examining the past trends of India's population ,it may be observed that during the latter half of the twentieth century ,about (650) million populations were added to the country ,thus living in a country with a high population density and high growth rate , India in need a transition from high fertility high mortality to a low fertility low mortality and towards stable population situatio

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2015
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The phenomenon of building the act of the actor and the effect in the Quranic readings                          (Structural and semantic study)
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After this systematic presentation of the phenomenon of rotation of formulas, ie the construction of the verb and the verb, and the narrated narratives therein differed among the readers, it became clear to us how the difference was clear between reading and the other, and how readers have varied in their readings of the verb, As we have noted through our modest research that the phenomenon of building the verb for the actor and the effect have included the act of both past and present tense, and not limited to a specific time, and this difference in reading was not limited to a particular environment, but beyond To more than one environment This is evidenced by the readings of various readers from the environment of Kufa, Basra, Mecca,

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 30 2021
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The Trilogy of Punishment - The Great, Painful and Humiliating in the Holy Quran An objective study: The Trilogy of Punishment - The Great, Painful and Humiliating in the Holy Quran An objective study
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The study of triples seeks to deal with the comprehensive nature of the Qur’an texts, and the choice fell on the trilogy of great torment, pain, and humiliation in the Noble Qur’an - an objective study, the title of this research, in which I tried to shed light on these terms, and the nuances between them, and in particular torment The eschatological terminology varied, which can be summed up in three terms, namely the great, the painful, and the offensive. The types of torment, the pain is the painful one that is described by the severity of pain and its horror, as for the humiliating punishment, it is that which humiliates the one who has fallen on it, and the diversity of torment is due to the diversity of sins.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
The Journal Of Contemporary Dental Practice
Assessment of Ions released from Three Types of Orthodontic Brackets immersed in Different Mouthwashes: An in vitro Study
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Publication Date
Mon Nov 09 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
The effect of different thermal treatments and pH on the stability of a glycyrrhizin which Product from the licorice plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra L: The effect of different thermal treatments and pH on the stability of a glycyrrhizin which Product from the licorice plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra L
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The plant licorice is considered important plants as nutritionally and medically and economically, as a rich in phytochemical, vitamins and minerals, and being widely available, Research indicated the presence of many nutrients such as (proteins, Carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals) as well as presence of Glycyrrhizin which responsible of sweet taste, that allowing the possibility to use it as natural intensity sweetener with few calories in Sweetening of many food. This research is aimed to study the Stability of Glycyrrhizin toward the various manufacturing conditions such as (thermal treatment, pH of foods and microwaves), so three factorial experiments was implemented to find out the Stability as following: 100C° - 121C° - Microwa

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 25 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE CAROTENOIDS WHICH ARE PRODUCED FROM LOCAL ISOLATE Rhodotorula mucilaginosa AND DETRERMINATION THE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THEIR STABILITY: BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE CAROTENOIDS WHICH ARE PRODUCED FROM LOCAL ISOLATE Rhodotorula mucilaginosa AND DETRERMINATION THE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THEIR STABILITY
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Biological activity of the carotenoids which are produced fromchemically-mutaed local isolate of Rhodotorula mucilaginosawas studied. The results showed variation of inhibition activity of caritenoids against different types of pathogenic bacteria include, Staph aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis and Salmo. typh., the number declined from 2×107cell/ml to 2×104, 5×104, 2×105, 9×105 cell/ml respectively after 24hour. The produced carotenoids from alocal mutant Rhodotorula mucilaginosa revealed an antioxidant activity as free radical removal of 85.6%. Carotinoides revealed a highest stability in petroleum ether solvent for 30 days at room temperature. It found that the pigment was more stability in sesame oil compared with sun flower and coc

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 05 2020
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Neutrality in Swedish foreign policy , an analytical study of adaption from traditional neutrality to military non-alignment
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Abstract Sweden is today one of the most active European countries in the regional and international environment despite the adoption of neutrality as a guiding principle in its foreign policy. For more than two centuries, the length of time for Swedish neutrality has made it a global standard, an agreed foreign policy at home and a political culture rooted in institutions and society. Swedish. Although discussions are still underway on Swedish security and foreign policies after the end of the Cold War, especially cooperation with NATO through the Partnership for Peaceprogram, EU accession and its impact on the principle of neutrality in foreign policy. Sweden, however, insists that it still maintains neutrality, but more adequately, in

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 03 2025
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Study on Frequency of Hard Tick Isolated from Goat (<i>Capra hircus</i> Linnaeus, 1758) in Iraq
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Abstract<p>In Iraq, the domestic goat <italic>Capra hircus</italic> is valued as a valuable commercial resource. As obligatory ectoparasites, ixodid ticks cause significant harm to their animal hosts. Hard ticks parasitize the abdomen, inside limbs, ears, and head. Out of a total of 200 samples evaluated, 150 goat- infested samples had a total of 450 Hard ticks (303male and 147 female) and were infested at a rate of 75%. The results of the current research eight species of hard ticks were recognized. Goat species belonging to the family Ixodidae (Capra hircus: Linnaeus, 1758), obtained from distinct areas involving: the Iraqi capital Baghdad governorate [Al-Yusifiya], Al-Anbar governor</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Jul 31 2025
Journal Name
Lecture Notes In Networks And Systems
Integration Between Network Analysis and Business Process Reengineering and Their Role in Reduce Project Costs/Applied Research in the Oil Projects Company
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 04 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Towards a proposed conception of the role of the professional practice specialist for social work In the field of social care for corona patients (A field study at the Iraqi Ministry of Social Affairs)
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This study aimed to identidy the role of a professional social worker practice specialist in the field of social care for Corona patients, in light of some demographic variables such as (gender, marital status, economic status,), through a field study at the Iraqi Ministry of Social Affairs. A random sample of (50) social workers in the Iraqi Ministry of Social Affairs in various places affiliated with the ministry was chosen. a questionnaire developed by the researcher about the role of the social worker in the field of social care for Corona patients was administered to the study sample to collect the needed data. The results showed that there is a positive statistically significant correlation relationship at the level (0.01) between

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