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Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel by Oxidation and Solvent Extraction
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This research presents a study in ultra-desulfurization of diesel fuel produced from conventional hydro desulfurization process, using oxidation and solvent extraction techniques. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) was the organosulfur compound that had been detected in sulfur removal. The oxidation process used hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant and acetic acid as homogeneous catalyst . The solvent extraction process used acetonitrile (ACN) and N-methyl – 2 - pyrrolidone (NMP) as  extractants . Also the effect of five parameters (stirring speed :150 , 250 , 350 , and 450) rpm, temperature (30 , 40 , 45 , and 50) oC, oxidant/simulated diesel fuel ratio (0.5 , 0.75 , 1 , and 1.5) , catalyst/oxidant ratio(0.125,0.25,0.5,and0.75) , and solvent/simulated diesel fuel ratio(0.5,0.6,0.75,and1) were examined as well as solvent type. The results exhibit that the highest removal of sulfur is 98.5% using NMP solvent while it is 95.8% for ACN solvent. The set of conditions that show the highest sulfur removal is: stirring speed of 350 rpm , temperature 50oC , oxidant/simulated diesel fuel ratio 1 , catalyst/oxidant ratio 0.5 , solvent/simulated diesel fuel ratio 1. These best conditions were applied upon real diesel fuel (produced from Al-Dora refinery)with 1000 ppm sulfur content . It was found that sulfur removal was 64.4% using ACN solvent and 75% using NMP solvent.

 

 

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 02 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Studying the parameters effect of the sputtering yield for polypropylene bombarding by ions of atmospheric background gases
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Energy Procedia
The effect of the activation functions on the classification accuracy of satellite image by artificial neural network
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Estimation of Time of Survival Rate by Using Clayton Function for the Exponential Distribution with Practical Application
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Each phenomenon contains several variables. Studying these variables, we find mathematical formula to get the joint distribution and the copula that are a useful and good tool to find the amount of correlation, where the survival function was used to measure the relationship of age with the level of cretonne in the remaining blood of the person. The Spss program was also used to extract the influencing variables from a group of variables using factor analysis and then using the Clayton copula function that is used to find the shared binary distributions using multivariate distributions, where the bivariate distribution was calculated, and then the survival function value was calculated for a sample size (50) drawn from Yarmouk Ho

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 03 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Diffusion Temperature on the some Electrical Properties of CdS:In Thin Films Prepared by Vacuum Evaporation
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CdS films were prepared by thermal evaporation technique at thickness 1 µm on glass substrates and these films were doped with indium (3%) by thermal diffusion method. The electrical properties of these have been investigated in the range of diffusion temperature (473-623 K)> Activation energy is increased with diffusion temperature unless at 623 K activation energy had been decreased. Hall effect results have shown that all the films n-type except at 573 and 623 K and with increase diffusion temperature both of concentration and mobility carriers were increased.

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Effect of Thickness on Some Optical Properties of Sb2S3 Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
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Sb2S3 thin films have been prepared by chemical bath deposition on a glas sub Absorbance and transmittance spectra were recorded in the wavelength range (30-900) nm. The effects of thickness on absorption coefficient, reflectance, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant were estimated. It was found that the reflectivity, absorption coefficient , extinction coefficient, real part of dielectric constant and refractive index, all these parameters decrease as the thickness increased, while the imaginary part of the dielectric constant increase as the thickness incre

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 04 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Improvement of the blood characteristics of the broiler chickens by addition tryptophan acid supplement levels in ration
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This study were implemented on (60) broiler chick with one day age divided into three equal groups , first one was given basal diet while group two and three given adiet contain 0.01% ,0.02% tryptophan respectively for 7 weeks . The results show that the chicks recevd the tryptophan have asigneficant increasment in hemoglobin concentration, red blood cells count, packed cell volume and increased the level of globuline concentration and lymphocyte % which mean that the addition of tryptophan improve blood picture charactores and the immunity of the broiler chickens and this evident from the good health state and decrease the mortality among birds .

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 07 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Investigation of the Optical Properties of the Achromatic Quadrupole Lens by Using the Rectangular Potential Distribution Model
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An optimization calculation is made to find the optimum properties of combined quadrupole lens which consists of electrostatic and magnetic lens. Both chromatic and spherical aberration coefficients are reduced to minimum values and the achromatic aberration is found for many cases. These calculations are achieved with the aid of transfer matrices method and using rectangular model of field distribution, where the path of charged-particles beam traversing the field has been determined by solving the trajectory equation of motion and then the optical properties for lens have been computed with the aid of the beam trajectory along the lens axis. The computations have been concentrated on determining the chromatic and spher

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 07 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Changes of the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to the local therapeutic agent by using Nitrogen laser
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This study involves the investigation of the effect of nitrogen laser with 337.1 nm wavelength on the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by using local therapeutic due to burns. Thirty six isolate of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were isolated from 25 patients suffering from sever burns, each isolate of bacteria was irradiated with nitrogen laser at (5, 10, 15 and 30) pulses/second repetition rates for 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes for each repetition rate. The effects of nitrogen laser on the local therapeutics sensitivity of bacteria were obtained using Kirby Baur method. Changes in the sensitivity of bacteria to local therapeutics (Tetracyclin, Chloramphenicol, Flumizin and Fucidin) occur at high repetition rate(30 pulses/seco

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 08 2022
Journal Name
V. International Scientific Congress Of Pure, Applied And Technological Sciences
The effect of background vacuum pressure on the length of gas discharge plasma by using Aluminum electrodes
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Length of plasma generated by dc gas discharge under different vacuum pressures was studied experimentally. The cylindrical discharge tube of length 2m was evacuated under vacuum pressure range (0.1-0.5) mbar at constant external working dc voltage 1500V. It was found that the plasma length (L) increased exponentially with increasing of background vacuum air pressure. Empirical equation has been obtained between plasma length and gas pressure by using Logistic model of curve fitting. As vacuum pressure increases the plasma length increases due to collisions, ionizations, and diffusions of electrons and ions.

Publication Date
Wed Mar 13 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Investigation the Effect of Process Variables on the Formability of Parts Processed by Single Point Incremental Forming
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Incremental sheet metal forming process is an advanced flexible manufacturing process to produce various 3D products without using dedicated tool as in conventional metal forming. There are a lot of process parameters that have effect on this process, studying the effect of some parameters on the strain distributions of the product over the length of deformation is the aim of this study.

In order to achieve this goal, three factors (tool forming shape, feed rate and incremental step size) are examined depending on three levels on the strain distributions over the wall of the product. Strain measurement was accomplished by using image processing technique using MATALB program. The significance of the control factors are explored u

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