In this work, the optical emission characteristics of the ZnO plasma were presented. The plasma parameters: electron temperature (T_e), electron density( n_e), plasma frequency (f_p) and Debye length (λ_D) were  studied with  a spectrometer that collects the spectrum ZnO plasma in air produced by Nd:YAG laser,(λ=1064 nm) at ratio X=0.5 in the range of energy of (700-1000 mJ), duration (10 ns). The Boltzmann plot methodwas employed to calculate the electron temperature (T_e), while the Stark broadening  was used to determine the electron density (n_e), Debye duration (λ_D), and plasma frequency (f_p).  T_e, ne, and f_p

The adsorption ability of Iraqi initiated calcined granulated montmorillonite to adsorb Symmetrical Schiff Base Ligand 4,4’-[hydrazine-1, 2-diylidenebis (methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)) bis (2-methoxyphenol)] derived from condensation reaction of hydrazine hydrate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, from aqueous solutions has been investigated through columnar method.The ligand (H2L) adsorption found to be dependent on adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and contact time.All columnar experiments were carried out at three different pH values (5.5, 7and 8) using buffer solutions at flow rate of (3 drops/ min.),at room temperature (25±2)°C. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The monol

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease that ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). So far, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that hepatic carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) is markedly reduced in NASH patients, diabetic db/db mice, and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. Restoration of hepatic CES2 expression in db/db or HFD‐fed mice markedly ameliorates liver steatosis and insulin resistance. In contrast, knockdown of hepatic CES2 causes liver steatosis and damage in chow‐ or Western diet‐fe

Six isolates of A. pullulans were collected from many sources including Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle), old Roofs of houses and bathroom surface that referred as Ap ros1, Ap or2, 3, 4 and Ap bs5, 6 respectively, all these isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and nutritional physiology profiles, all were able to utilize various carbon and nitrogen sources such as glucose, xylose, sucrose, maltose, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride, also they showed positive test for starch and amylase, while α-cellulose, ethanol, and methanol were could not be ass

Abstract:
This investigation was carried out to study the nutritional adequacy for
infant milk formula, which imported by Iraqi Ministry of Trade, and are
available in local markets .Most of these formulas contained nearly the same
composition of nutrients which are ,Matines ,Sunny Boy , Salsabeel AL- Badie
,Moroug, ,Charton ,Materna Lery Celia ,Lacstar Lailac,Nactalia. yet they are
unbalanced for providing the daily nutritional requirements for infants whom
depend on bottle feeding for six times daily in their first six month of age. As
there were an increase in daily intake for protein content and most vitamins
that included D, E, C, B1, B2, Niacin, B6, B12, and Biotin as well as most
minerals namely Calci

Back ground: Glass ionomer materials lack resistance to wear and pressure and are susceptible to moisture during the initial stages of setting and dehydration. So this study was done to assess diametral tensile strength and microhardness of glass ionomer reinforced by different amounts of hydroxyapatite. Materials and methods: In this study a hydroxyapatite material was added to glass monomer cement at different ratios: 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% (by weight). The diametral tensile strength test described by the British standard specification for zinc polycarboxylate cement was used in this study and the microhardness test was performed using Vickers microhardness testing machine and the microhardness values were calculated and statistical c

Fifty isolates of Bacillus sp. were subjected to the first and second screening to detect the ability to produce laccase enzyme and select the highest ones production of laccase on Petri plates containing nutrient agar supplemented with Cu2+.
Syringaldazine was used as an indicator and substrate for the determination of laccase activity. Three isolates, which consumed less time to developed pink color were tested for the production of laccase quantitatively. The effective isolate B16 with significant amounts of laccase 1.84 unit /ml was selected for laccase study.
The optimization studies revealed that the maximum laccase production was achieved when the production medium was at the following conditions: 5 days of incubation, tempe

Nanostructured tin dioxide (SnO₂) thin films were prepared by thermal oxidation of Sn, which were ground and embedded in methanol then it was deposited on a glass substrate utilizing casting method. The deposited films were examined for their morphology, and crystal structure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. In most cases, it was found that SnO₂ thin films had a tetragonal phase, predominantly grown on preferred (110) and (200) planes. The deposited thin films have grain size was about 82 nm. The sensing properties of SnO₂against NO₂ gas were studied as a function of working temperature and time under optimal co

This investigation was carried out to examine the effect of replacing partial of flour by dried Lentils (Lens culinaris) to white flour in different percentages on the chemical, sensory and storage properties of the Laboratory bread. The results revealed that replacing 0% than wheat flour by lentil powder (1) control was high significan than the replacing 25 and 35% than wheat flour by lentil powder ( 4 and 5) in flavor and chewiness . The results of sensory evaluation showed that replacing 4 were high significan different than that of replacing 1 in external layer colour. Other replacing percentages, however, did not show significant differences of in comparison with control . In regards with chemical analysis of Iron and copper, i

Genetic polymorphism in a fragment of NADH (ND4),400bp long from the Mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) of Mediterranean fruit fly ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) using PCR-RFLP method
with the restriction enzyme EcoRV in samples collected from three governorates in the middle of Iraq.
The purposes of this study is to establish database, discover the introduction source as well as studying
the genetic diversity for this economic pest in Iraq. The results show that there is a genetic
polymorphism of the studied gene fragment among Kut governorate as compaired with the other
studied samples according to digestion results of the restriction enzyme EcoRV.