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Applying Penman-Monteith Equation to Evaluate the Performance of Atmometer Apparatus in Greenhouse for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration
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In this paper an atmometer apparatus were used in the greenhouses for estimating reference evapotranspiration values. Experimental work was conducted in the agriculture research center in the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad west of the city of Baghdad. One atmometer was used in eggplant greenhouse and in cucumber greenhouse through the winter growing season 2013-2014. FAO Penman-Monteith equation was applied outside the greenhouse and used only 65% from the value of ETo in the greenhouses for estimating the reference evapotranspiration in the greenhouse. Moreover, Penman-Monteith equation was applied in greenhouses for the evaluating the performance of the atmometer. The results show that the error analyses between FAO Penman-Monteith equation in greenhouse and the atmometer readings, the root mean square difference (RMSD), mean bias error (MBE) and relative error (RE) for eggplant and cucumber greenhouses were: 1.163mm/day, 0.933mm/day, 30.19%, and 0.688mm/day, 0.518mm/day and 22.93%, respectively. A fair agreement was found. While the error analyses between 65% from outdoor ETo of FAO Penman-Monteith equation and the atmometer readings, the RMSD, MBE and RE for eggplant and cucumber greenhouses were: 0.930mm/day, 0.743mm/day, 24.27%, and 0.374mm/day, 0.289mm/day and 12.47%, respectively. A good agreement was found. The atmometer apparatus could be used successfully by researchers and farmers in estimation daily or weekly reference evapotranspiration in greenhouses as well as in low technology greenhouses.

 

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering And Sustainable Development
Improving Performance Classification in Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks Based on Machine Learning Techniques
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Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks (WBASNs) have garnered significant attention due to the implementation of self-automaton and modern technologies. Within the healthcare WBASN, certain sensed data hold greater significance than others in light of their critical aspect. Such vital data must be given within a specified time frame. Data loss and delay could not be tolerated in such types of systems. Intelligent algorithms are distinguished by their superior ability to interact with various data systems. Machine learning methods can analyze the gathered data and uncover previously unknown patterns and information. These approaches can also diagnose and notify critical conditions in patients under monitoring. This study implements two s

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Identifying Average Reservoir Pressure in Multilayered Oil Wells Using Selective Inflow Performance (SIP) Method
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The downhole flow profiles of the wells with single production tubes and mixed flow from more than one layer can be complicated, making it challenging to obtain the average pressure of each layer independently.  Production log data can be used to monitor the impacts of pressure depletion over time and to determine average pressure with the use of Selective Inflow Performance (SIP). The SIP technique provides a method of determining the steady state of inflow relationship for each individual layer. The well flows at different stabilized surface rates, and for each rate, a production log is run throughout the producing interval to record both downhole flow rates and flowing pressure. PVT data can be used to convert measured in-situ rates

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Technologies And Materials For Renewable Energy, Environment And Sustainability: Tmrees21gr
Challenges facing the transition of traditional cities to smart: Studying the challenges faced by the transition of a traditional area such as Al-Kadhimiya city center to the smart style
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Challenges facing the transition of traditional cities to smart: Studying the challenges faced by the transition of a traditional area such as Al-Kadhimiya city center to the smart style

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
RADAR PARAMETER GENERATION TO IDENTIFY THE TARGET
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Due to the popularity of radar, receivers often “hear” a great number of other transmitters in
addition to their own return merely in noise. The dealing with the problem of identifying and/or
separating a sum of tens of such pulse trains from a number of different sources are often received on
the one communication channel. It is then of interest to identify which pulses are from which source,
based on the assumption that the different sources have different characteristics. This search deals with a
graphical user interface (GUI) to generate the radar pulse in order to use the required radar signal in any
specified location.

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Publication Date
Wed May 17 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The husband's right to discipline his wife
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The husband’s discipline of his wife is a right prescribed by the Sharia, but it is conditioned discipline with conditions that make this discipline intended to preserve the family institution from disintegration and scattering, so the Islamic Sharia entrusted the husband, the guardian of the family, with the task of disciplining the disobedient and disobedient wife and deviating from the family’s values ​​and constants of mutual respect and obedience in what is good. And a sense of responsibility. This discipline goes through three sequential stages, starting with exhortation and dialogue, passing through abandonment in the beds, and ending with beating. As for the sermon, it is a quiet dialogue followed by a threat of abandonme

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 25 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
War Reporters In Iraqi Satellite Channels And Its Role In Increasing Understanding Of The Audience Of The News .: Field Study For The Reporters And The Audiences In Baghdad For The Period From 1/07/2014 Till – 1/11/2014
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The importance of media coverage in the war remains dependent on many indicators for its success, the most important is to have qualified reporters who carry the war news professionally. The idea of this research is to determine the role played by war correspondents working on Iraqi satellite channels during the war against ISIS.
The researcher has chosen ( 40 ) reporters those who was able to contact them and prepared a questionnaire for them to study their situations. Also, he chose an intentional sample from Baghdad audience on condition they should be informed by the performance of the reporters in the satellite channels applying the hypotheses of the theory of depending upon media.
The most important results reached by the re

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
Karbala Journal Of Physical Education Sciences
Effect of use a designed device to develop some biochemical variables for rear vault dismount with one-half twist on parallel bars in gymnastics
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The research included five sections containing the first section on the introduction o research and its importance and was addressed to the importance of the game of gymnastic and skilled parallel bars effectiveness and the importance of biochemical variables, either the research problem that there is a difference in learning this skill and difficulty in learning may be one of the most important reasons are falling and injury Has a negative impact on the performance and lack of sense of movement of is one of the obstacles in the completion of the skill and the goal of research to design a device that helps in the development of biochemical changes to skill of rear vault dismount with one-half twist on parallel bars in gymnastics . And the n

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 02 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Enamel defect of primary and permanent teeth in relation to nutrients daily intake among Down's syndrome children in comparison to normal children
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Background: Any child with Down's syndrome does not develop in the same manner as normal child. Therefore, the child should not be viewed as being like everyone else. Developmental enamel defects in primary teeth have been found at least twice as frequently in disabled children as in control children. Down's syndrome consumed protein more than the recommended daily allowance compared to other disabled groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate developmental defects of enamel and their relations to nutrient intake among Down's syndrome children in comparison to normal children. Materials and Methods: A sample consisted of fifty institutionalized Down's syndrome children (study group) and 50 normal children (control group)

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 02 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Sport Sciences
The school system and its relationship to the evolution of some indicators of physical and functional skills in a lesson and basketball
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
A comparison between Bayesian Method and Full Maximum Likelihood to estimate Poisson regression model hierarchy and its application to the maternal deaths in Baghdad
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Abstract:

 This research aims to compare Bayesian Method and Full Maximum Likelihood to estimate hierarchical Poisson regression model.

The comparison was done by  simulation  using different sample sizes (n = 30, 60, 120) and different Frequencies (r = 1000, 5000) for the experiments as was the adoption of the  Mean Square Error to compare the preference estimation methods and then choose the best way to appreciate model and concluded that hierarchical Poisson regression model that has been appreciated Full Maximum Likelihood Full Maximum Likelihood  with sample size  (n = 30) is the best to represent the maternal mortality data after it has been reliance value param

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