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Applying Penman-Monteith Equation to Evaluate the Performance of Atmometer Apparatus in Greenhouse for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration
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In this paper an atmometer apparatus were used in the greenhouses for estimating reference evapotranspiration values. Experimental work was conducted in the agriculture research center in the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad west of the city of Baghdad. One atmometer was used in eggplant greenhouse and in cucumber greenhouse through the winter growing season 2013-2014. FAO Penman-Monteith equation was applied outside the greenhouse and used only 65% from the value of ETo in the greenhouses for estimating the reference evapotranspiration in the greenhouse. Moreover, Penman-Monteith equation was applied in greenhouses for the evaluating the performance of the atmometer. The results show that the error analyses between FAO Penman-Monteith equation in greenhouse and the atmometer readings, the root mean square difference (RMSD), mean bias error (MBE) and relative error (RE) for eggplant and cucumber greenhouses were: 1.163mm/day, 0.933mm/day, 30.19%, and 0.688mm/day, 0.518mm/day and 22.93%, respectively. A fair agreement was found. While the error analyses between 65% from outdoor ETo of FAO Penman-Monteith equation and the atmometer readings, the RMSD, MBE and RE for eggplant and cucumber greenhouses were: 0.930mm/day, 0.743mm/day, 24.27%, and 0.374mm/day, 0.289mm/day and 12.47%, respectively. A good agreement was found. The atmometer apparatus could be used successfully by researchers and farmers in estimation daily or weekly reference evapotranspiration in greenhouses as well as in low technology greenhouses.

 

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2017
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Employ of Public Relations in Building Awareness of Security against Terrorism A Survey of the Employees of the Directorate General of Public Relations and Media at the Ministry of Interior
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This study aims at identifying the role played by Public Relations in the field of security awareness of the dangers of terrorism. The research is directed to the employees at the Directorate General of Public Relations and Media at the Ministry of Interior. And that on the basis that those who play an important role in the security awareness are the security institutions, primarily the Ministry of Interior, since this Directorate is responsible for all subjects related to the public security using public relations science. It aims at identifying the functions, methods and communication tools used by the Directorate to raise awareness about the dangers of terrorism. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher uses the sur

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 13 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Role of Media Coverage of the Iraqi Satellite Channels in Shaping Public Attitudes towards Terrorism (a Field Study of a Sample of an Audience of the City of Baghdad)
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Violence is one of the most serious threats facing societies because it affects their internal structure and threatens the security and stability of society. It is classified as one of the types of security crises that are emerging in Arab and Islamic societies in particular, and in most countries of the world in general.

The threat of this crisis is increasing. Terrorism is considered as one of the most serious aspects of that all the countries of the world, currently, suffer from. The terrorism has begun to penetrate deep into society in one way or another starting from the Second World War, which led to the emergence of leftist movements in Western Europe, Japan, France, Italy and other countries as a result of emerging ideas

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Role of Sudanese Depression in Snowfall on Baghdad City (dated 11/1/2008): The Role of Sudanese Depression in Snowfall on Baghdad City (dated 11/1/2008)
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Abstract
On 11/1/2008 amounts of snows fell on various sections of Iraq, one of
which is Baghdad. The analysis process of climatic maps proved that the
advance trough of Sudanese depression towards the city is the reason behind
the formation of this weather state supported by could trough in the (500) mb
pressure level. .
The research concluded that the phenomenon of global warming
witnessed by the world recently had a main role in the occurrence of this
phenomenon due to the raise in earth temperature as a result of evaporation
rate increase leading to an increase in water vapor and cloud formation with
high tops and low bases which form sows with high rates accumulating at high
and moderate latitudes le

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Socialist Realism And The Situation Of Women In Society In The Works Of Maxim Gorky "Mother": Социалистический Реализм И Положение Женщины В Обществе В Произведении Максима Горького "Мать"
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            Maxim Gorky’s Mother is one of the most important literary genre in social realism, in which he depicts female characters with revolutionary fervor and enthusiasm, projecting his social ideologies and dreams. Though the novel unique importance lies in the fact that it has been thoroughly analyzed by many writers, historians and sociologists, there are almost no studies devoted to the role of women out of a Marxist and feminist point of view. The present paper sheds light on the Russian woman‘s important role in overcoming all adversity and gain her position on Social Realism.

Одно из центральных мест сре

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Moral Scale In Poetry Selections Al-Ihata Book: The Moral Scale In Poetry Selections Al-Ihata Book
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Abstract:
Ibn al-Khatib valuable Mokhtarath poetry as a moral standard that writer
committed to the conscious function of art, and believing that the place
literature is determined standards of literary and alone is a (complete criticism
from a moral stance) was adopted by the evidence of a professional image
analogy and metaphor, and metaphor and the antagonism of the expression
of all ideas put forward is consistent with the internal rhythm arts Bdieip
consistent with the method Bhawwarith and clarity of language structure and
carried Petrakebha multiple form of expressionism. Ghani, who contrast
abstraction and its proximity to the Forum staff readily near the sensory data,
and the religious impact of the

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Publication Date
Mon May 01 2023
Journal Name
Environmental Earth Sciences
The geological situation in Abu-Jir Faults Zone, western Iraq: evidence from the radioactivity in Hit–Haditha area
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 22 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
COLLABORATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSUMER RIGHTS IN THE ALGERIAN MARKET.: COLLABORATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSUMER RIGHTS IN THE ALGERIAN MARKET.
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The current study aimed to identify key consumer rights and the nature of the work of organizations and traders in the Algerian market through the opinions of the study sample. To prove the hypotheses the researcher depended on the data obtained by the questionnaire prepared for this purpose. She distributed 384 questionnaires out of which only 300 were returned.
The data were analyzed using several statistical techniques such as the Statistical Package for Social Studies system, in addition to percentages, frequencies, and standard deviation.
And a number of conclusions and recommendations were presented. The most important results are:
- There is a strong correlation between safety and compensation rights.
- There is a st

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study the effect of fish on the optical properties of CuO membranes prepared in a way that thermal spraying chemical
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In this research study the effect of fish on the properties optical films thickness 1200-1800 and calculated energy gap Basra direct transport permitted and forbidden to membranes and urged decreasing values ??of Optical Energy Gap increase fish included accounts optical also calculate the constants visual as factories winding down and the refractive index and reflectivity membranes also by real part and imaginarythe dielectric constant

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The impact of initial credit ratingAnnouncement of bonds on stock prices: An analytical study in the Abu Dhabi Securities Market
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The purpose of the research is to investigate the response of stock prices of companies that issued debt instruments (bonds) listed on the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange for information content from the Moody's first credit rating announcements for the period 1 January 2005 - 30 May 2017. The study methodology was used to verify the existence of this response by the market and the Market efficiency of the Semi-strong shape.  The research focused on testing the impact of the initial announcement.The research showed that there is an influential information content to announce credit ratings in stock prices, with different responses between negative and positive. It was also found that the industrial sectors sample research separately d

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2016
Journal Name
Injury Prevention
972 The effectiveness of injury prevention program on reducing the incidence of lower limb injuries in adolescent male soccer players
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The highest incidence of injury is seen in adolescent playing pivoting sports such as soccer, basketball, and handball. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a neuromuscular prevention program in reducing knee and ankle injuries in adolescent male soccer players.

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