The planning, designing, construction of excavations and foundations in soft to very soft clay soils are always difficult. They are problematic soil that caused trouble for the structures built on them because of the low shear strength, high water content, and high compressibility. This work investigates the geotechnical behavior of soft clay by using tyre ash material burnt in air. The investigation contains the following tests: physical tests, chemical tests, consolidation test, Compaction tests, shear test, California Bearing Ratio test CBR, and model tests. These tests were done on soil samples prepared from soft clay soil; tyre ash was used in four percentages (2, 4, 6, and 8%). The results of the tests were; The soil samples which gave the value of plasticity test were 2% (25), 4% (25.18), 6% (25.3), and 8% (26.7).The soil samples which gave the value of specific gravity were 2% (2.65), 4% (2.61), 6% (2.5), and 8% (2.36).The value of maximum dry density in a compaction test observed with 2% percentage gave the value 15.8 kN/m3, the 4% gave the value 15.4 kN/m 3 34 , 6% gave 15.3 kN/m 3 and 8%with 15.2 kN/m3 .Samples that gave the values of undrained shear strength test were 2% (55 kN/m 2 ), 4% (76 kN/m2 ), 6% (109 kN/m 2), and 8% (122 kN/m 2). The best of them is 8%. The sample that gave the best value for swelling test was 8%.The best value for compression index Cc was in 8%.The results of CBR test, were improved in all soil samples. The soil samples which gave the value for CBR were 2% (3.507%), 4% (4.308%), 6% (5.586%), and 8% (9.569%). The best value was obtained from 8%.
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Groupwise non-rigid image alignment is a difficult non-linear optimization problem involving many parameters and often large datasets. Previous methods have explored various metrics and optimization strategies. Good results have been previously achieved with simple metrics, requiring complex optimization, often with many unintuitive parameters that require careful tuning for each dataset. In this chapter, the problem is restructured to use a simpler, iterative optimization algorithm, with very few free parameters. The warps are refined using an iterative Levenberg-Marquardt minimization to the mean, based on updating the locations of a small number of points and incorporating a stiffness constraint. This optimization approach is eff
... Show MoreIn the reverse engineering approach, a massive amount of point data is gathered together during data acquisition and this leads to larger file sizes and longer information data handling time. In addition, fitting of surfaces of these data point is time-consuming and demands particular skills. In the present work a method for getting the control points of any profile has been presented. Where, many process for an image modification was explained using Solid Work program, and a parametric equation of the profile that proposed has been derived using Bezier technique with the control points that adopted. Finally, the proposed profile was machined using 3-aixs CNC milling machine and a compression in dimensions process has been occurred betwe
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Content-based image retrieval has been keenly developed in numerous fields. This provides more active management and retrieval of images than the keyword-based method. So the content based image retrieval becomes one of the liveliest researches in the past few years. In a given set of objects, the retrieval of information suggests solutions to search for those in response to a particular description. The set of objects which can be considered are documents, images, videos, or sounds. This paper proposes a method to retrieve a multi-view face from a large face database according to color and texture attributes. Some of the features used for retrieval are color attributes such as the mean, the variance, and the color image's bitmap. In add
... Show MoreAbstract— The growing use of digital technologies across various sectors and daily activities has made handwriting recognition a popular research topic. Despite the continued relevance of handwriting, people still require the conversion of handwritten copies into digital versions that can be stored and shared digitally. Handwriting recognition involves the computer's strength to identify and understand legible handwriting input data from various sources, including document, photo-graphs and others. Handwriting recognition pose a complexity challenge due to the diversity in handwriting styles among different individuals especially in real time applications. In this paper, an automatic system was designed to handwriting recognition
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This paper discusses the problem of decoding codeword in Reed- Muller Codes. We will use the Hadamard matrices as a method to decode codeword in Reed- Muller codes.In addition Reed- Muller Codes are defined and encoding matrices are discussed. Finally, a method of decoding is explained and an example is given to clarify this method, as well as, this method is compared with the classical method which is called Hamming distance.
Voice Activity Detection (VAD) is considered as an important pre-processing step in speech processing systems such as speech enhancement, speech recognition, gender and age identification. VAD helps in reducing the time required to process speech data and to improve final system accuracy by focusing the work on the voiced part of the speech. An automatic technique for VAD using Fuzzy-Neuro technique (FN-AVAD) is presented in this paper. The aim of this work is to alleviate the problem of choosing the best threshold value in traditional VAD methods and achieves automaticity by combining fuzzy clustering and machine learning techniques. Four features are extracted from each speech segment, which are short term energy, zero-crossing rate, auto
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