Used vegetable oil was introduced to transesterfication reaction to produce Biodiesel fuel suitable for diesel engines. Method of production was consisted of filtration, transesterfication, separation and washing. Transesterfication was studied extensively with different operating conditions, temperature range (35-80oC), catalyst concentration (0.5-2 wt. % based on oil), mixing time (30-120 min.) with constant oil/methanol weight ratio 5:1 and mixing speed 1300 rpm. The concentration of Fatty acid methyl esters (Biodiesel) was determined for the transesterficated oil samples, besides of some important physical properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, pour point and flash point. The behavior of methyl esters production and the physical properties of Biodiesel were studied with the different operating conditions. The results show that increasing methyl esters concentration with increasing temperature and catalyst concentration and the transesterfication is a second order reaction The research aiming to recycle spent cooking oils to prevent pollution of soil and water, and converting them to Biodiesel fuel with low emissions
Coherent density fluctuation model (CDFM) has been used to calculate the
proton momentum distributions (PMD) and elastic electron scattering form factors,
F(q), of the ground state for some even mass nuclei of fp-shell, such as 52Cr, 58Fe and
64Ni nuclei. Both of the PMD and F(q) have been expressed in terms of the weight
function ( ( ) )
2
f x which is determined by means of the charge density
distributions (CDD) of the nuclei and determined from theory and experiment. The
feature of the long-tail behavior at high momentum region of the PMD’s has been
obtained by both the theoretical and experimental weight functions. The calculated
form factors of these nuclei are in reasonable agreement with those of th
The paper probes into minute identification of the data of the methods followed in the electronic newspapers that aim to promote terrorist organizations like Al Qaeda and ISIS to draw emotional empathy and sympathy with them.
The paper aims at identifying:
How emotional empathy was utilized by terrorists in E-newspapers.
How useful utilizing emotional empathy was in attracting supporters. The sample that is used in the paper is based on the opening articles of E-newspapers that propagate Al Qaeda and ISIS, e.g. (Sawtu el jihad) “The Sound of Fighting in the Name of God”, (Mua’skar el Battar wal Shamikha wal Khansaa) “Camps of Al Battar, Shamika, and Khansaa”, “Inspire” and (Thurwatu el Sanam, Dabiq, and Rumiyah)
In the mist of developments in the course of scientific research in general and humanities in particular and the accompanying changes in the visions and policies inspired by the need for these sciences to follow the qualitative methods in dealing with many of the topics or problems that require for their solution to obtain qualitative information which can be provided by resorting to quantitative research. Therefore, a new trend has emerged in many public relations› researchers who believe that qualitative research methods should be used by establishing scientific foundations and methodological classification based on the use of these methods and determining the nature of the subjects applied in them to reach results that are character
... Show MoreStreptococcus pluranimalium was first isolated in 1999. Recently, several case reports have been published that have revealed that S. pluranimalium can infect humans as well. The pathogenicity and pathophysiology of this pathogen is poorly studied and its characteristics are not well known. In this study, S. pluranimalium was first isolated and then identified from infants and children who suffered from upper respiratory infections. 90 samples were collected from nasopharyngeal cavity. Among them, 83 Streptococcus spp. isolates were identified. 3 out of which were biochemically and molecularly identified as S. pluranimalium. 16S rRNA sequencing based identification revealed that all iso
... Show MoreAloin extracted into alcohol-rich phase with high extraction efficiency,
meanwhile majority polysaccharides, proteins, mineral substances and other
impurities were extracted into salt-rich phase. Partitioning of AQs[Anthraquinones]
is dependent on hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bond interaction, and salting-out
effect in Aqueous tow –phase system [ATPS]. Aloin was partially purified by using
1-propanol [NH4] 2SO4, the use of this solvent showed high efficiency 90.61%
compared with other solvent [2-propanol and ethanol]. The concentration of aloin
detected by HPLC technique, which reached to 91.84% as focus turns out that there
is compatibility between the sample and the standard in shape and retention time
4-Thiazolidinone were synthesized by three steps,the reaction of ansoyl chloride with 4hydroxy benzaldehyde to give 4-(4`-methoxy benzoyloxy) benzaldehyde[I].The reaction of later compound with thiosemicarbazideled to formation thiosemicarbazon [II] and the reacted thiosemicarbazone with chloro acetic acid in CH3CO2Na medium to yield 4- thiazelidinone compound[III].The 4-thiazolidinone [III]was used as a key intermediates to synthesis new compounds, compound[IV] synthesized from the reaction [III] with acetic anhydride, while the reaction of compound [III] with amines to yield azo compound[V]a,b,c. The azo compound reacted with benzoyl chloride or anisole chloride in basic medium to get a new esters compound[VI]a,b. Also, synthesi
... Show MoreNinety nine swabs were collected from patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), all swabs were cultured on different selective media for screening, 46 isolates confirmed as S. aureus by API staph. The results of antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all isolates were resistant to metronidazole, 34 isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, and meropenim, 23 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, 17 and 16 isolates were resistant to tetracycline and trimethoprim, respectively; while all isolates were sensitive to tigecycline. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) that carried out by using vancomycin, tigecycline and linezolid for 8 isolates, MIC results were1-2 µg /ml
... Show MoreThis study aims to know the types of insects belonging to the Sphaeroceridae family. During this study, one species registered for this family for the first time to Iraq (New genus and species). It is using two methods of killing are injurious machine (knife) and toxic substance (strychnine). Four areas within Karbala governorate studied and identified to know their spread and time of presence on the body during the stages of decomposition. During this experiment, the bodies of dogs used to identify types of insects attracted to the body during four seasons. The results indicated the presence of the species
The adsorption of cephalexin.H2O from aqueous solution on attapulgite, bentonite and kaolin has been studied at the human body temperature (37.5ËšC) and at 5, 27, 47ËšC in 0.1M hydrochloric acid (pH 1.2). The value of pH 1.2 has been chosen to simulate the pH of stomach fluid. The clays show the following order: Bentonite > attapulgite > kaolin, for their activity to adsorb cephalexin.H2O. The charged clay particles can attract molecules either by electrostatic forces, for the molecules of oppositely charged, or by inducing dipole formation in the neutral molecule. The L-shaped adsorption isotherm indicated that drug molecules arrangement in a flat geometry on the clay surface. The
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