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DESIGN OF A CONTINUOUS SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER FOR THE ELECTRONIC THROTTLE VALVE SYSTEM
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Lowering the emission, fuel economy and torque management are the essential
requirements in the recent development in the automobile industry. The main engine control
input that satisfies the above requirements is the throttling angle which adjusts the air mass
flow rate to the engine port. Due to the uncertainty and the presence of the nonlinear
components in its dynamical model, the sliding mode control theory is utilized in this work
for the throttle valve angle control system to design a robust controller for this system in the
presence of a nonlinear spring and Coulomb friction. A continuous sliding mode control law
which consists of a saturation function, instead of a signum function, and the integral of
another saturation function is used in this work. This choice for the control structure will
prevent the chattering to occurs but with a certain steady state error. On the other hand, the
addition of the integral term will effectively reduce the steady state error according to the
choice of its parameters. The simulations result for typical references of the opening throttle
angle demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller, especially after the addition of
a nonlinear integral term.

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 22 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Foreign Propaganda in the Electronic Press about the Syrian Crisis A Comparative Study of the Sites of Russia Today and Alhurra - A research drawn from a Master Degree thesis
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The research problem lies in the ambiguity of the usage of propaganda contents by two main media outlets (the Russian RT and American Alhurra) in their news coverage of the Syrian crisis through their websites and the methods used by them to convince users taking into account the mutual propaganda conflict between the United States and Russia in the war against Syria. The objectives of the research can be represented by the following: investigating the contents of American and Russian electronic propaganda towards Syrian crisis.
• Identifying the contents that received most of the coverage in the Syrian crisis by the two news outlets.
• Identifying the terms and phrases that have been most used by the websites of RT and Alhurr

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 02 2016
Journal Name
Alustath Journal For Human And Social Sciences
Islamic Electronic Libraries and The service for downloading Research and Comic books (PDF): An Evaluation study
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The research aims to evaluate Islamic electronic libraries and their service for downloading research and illustrated books, explaining their origins, features and types. The research was limited to the libraries available on the Internet that provide the service for downloading research and illustrated books. The researcher relied on the survey approach to identify the libraries and a sample of them (20 libraries) was selected. For the purpose of evaluating it according to five criteria related to the preparation and publication of Islamic electronic libraries (the responsible party, the goals and objectives, the year, the services it provides, the sections and subject specializations of its contents) and five criteria related to the servi

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Publication Date
Fri May 01 2020
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
A review of ultra-high temperature materials for thermal protection system
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Abstract<p>Ultra-High Temperature Materials (UHTMs) are at the base of entire aerospace industry; these high stable materials at temperatures exceeding 1600 °C are used to manage the heat shielding to protect vehicles and probes during the hypersonic flight through reentry trajectory against aerodynamic heating and reducing plasma surface interaction. Those materials are also recognized as Thermal Protection System Materials (TPSMs). The structural materials used during the high-temperature oxidizing environment are mainly limited to SiC, oxide ceramics, and composites. In addition to that, silicon-based ceramic has a maximum-use at 1700 °C approximately; as it is an active oxidation process o</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Polymer Research
Design, and synthesis of a plasticizer- Schiff’s bases complexes as additive for polystyrene
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This work involved the successful synthesis of three new Schiff base complexes, including Ni(II), Mn(II), and Cu(II) complexes. The Schiff base ligand was created by reacting the malonyldihydrazide molecule with naphthaldehyde, and the final step involved reacting the ligand with the corresponding metallic chloride yielding pure target complexes. FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, mass, and UV/Vis spectroscopies were used to comprehensively characterize the produced complexes. These substances have been employed in this study to photo-stabilize polystyrene (PS) and lessen the photo-degradation of its polymeric chains. Several methods, including FTIR, weight loss, viscosity average molecular weight, light and atomic force microscopy, and energy disper

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 04 2016
Journal Name
International Journal Of Renewable Energy Development
The Temperature Profile for The Innovative Design of the Perforated Fin
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The development of the perforated fin had proposed in many studies to enhance the heat transfer from electronic pieces. This paper presents a novel derivative method to find the temperature distribution of the new design (inclined perforated) of the pin fin. Perforated with rectangular section and different angles of inclination was considered. Signum Function is used for modeling the variable heat transfer area. Set of parameters to handle the conduction and convection area were calculated. Degenerate Hypergeometric Equation (DHE) was used for modeling the Complex energy differential equation and then solved by Kummer’s series. In the validation process, Ansys 16.0-Steady State Thermal was used. Two geometric models were consider

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 03 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Fitting Scoring Rubrics for Electronic Portfolio to Partial Credit Model According to the Number of Assumed Dimensions
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Abstract

 

The current research aims to reveal the extent to which all scoring rubrics data for the electronic work file conform to the partial estimation model according to the number of assumed dimensions. The study sample consisted of (356) female students. The study concluded that the list with the one-dimensional assumption is more appropriate than the multi-dimensional assumption, The current research recommends preparing unified correction rules for the different methods of performance evaluation in the basic courses. It also suggests the importance of conducting studies aimed at examining the appropriateness of different evaluation methods for models of response theory to the

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
Ceramics International
A first-principles study of the electronic, structural, and optical properties of CrN and Mo:CrN clusters
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Publication Date
Sun Apr 24 2022
Journal Name
Egyptian Journal Of Chemistry
A novel Tubular Electrochemical Reactor with a Spiral Design of Anode for Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
مجلة دراسات قانونية
Consumer protection in the electronic contract
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Abstract: Consumer protection in electronic contracts is of great importance in Iraqi law, as there are detailed legislations that enhance consumer rights and provide mechanisms for compensation when necessary. In Iraq, the Consumer Protection Law of 2010 regulates these rights and ensures the availability of sufficient and clear information to consumers.

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
The 2nd Universitas Lampung International Conference On Science, Technology, And Environment (ulicoste) 2021
Investigation of the vibrational spectral and electronic properties for ZnxBe7-xO7 wurtzoid via DFT approximation
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