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Forward and Reverse Osmosis Process for Recovery and Re-use of Water from Polluted Water by Phenol
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The research aims to apply the novel forward osmosis (FO) process to recover pure water
from contaminated water. Phenol was used as organic substance in the feed solution, while sodium
chloride salt was used as draw solution. Membranes used in the FO process is the cellulose
triacetate (CTA) and polyamide (thin film composite (TFC)) membrane. Reverse osmosis process
was used to treatment the draw solution, the exterior from the forward osmosis process. In the FO
process the active layer of the membrane faces the feed solution and the porous support layer faces
the draw solution and this will show the effect of dilutive internal concentration polarization and
concentrative external concentration polarization.
In the FO process was a run-time for five hours, and the concentration of phenol 100 and
1000 mg/l, and for the NaCl the concentration was 10000 and 30000 mg/l. It was found that
recovery percent increases with increasing time, while water flux through membrane decreases with
increasing time. Also, it was found that recovery and water flux increases with increasing draw
solution concentration, on the contrary, water flux and the percentage of recovery decreases with
increasing the concentration of phenol (feed solution). Increase in draw solute (NaCl) concentration
has more effect on the water flux in FO process compared with increase in the concentration of
phenol. Outlet phenol concentration increases with time, while the outlet salt concentration
decreases with increasing the time. The results showed that the cellulose triacetate membrane gave
the highest recovery ratio from the thin film composite membrane. The highest recovery was
reached in five hours is 51.33%, while using CTA membrane recovery rate increase, by 23%
compared with TFC membrane. The value of the resistance to solute diffusion within the membrane
porous support layer is 36.83 h/m. Reverse osmosis is perfect method for removal of dissolved salts
from water, thus its suitable process for reducing the content of NaCl in draw solution; therefore the
sodium chloride rejection percentage was 91.6 – 96 % for polyamide membrane (TFC). Within two
hours of work of the reverse osmosis system the recovery percentage of pure water is 58%.

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 28 2023
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Pharmacy And Technology
Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Metronidazole by using Allyl Chloride and Allyl Bromide as Monomers
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Metronidazole-MIPs were prepared by using (MDZ) as the template as well as allylchloride (AYC) or allylbromide (AYB) as monomer, used (TMPTA) tri-methylol propane tri-acrylate or ethylene glycol di-methyl acrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker and initiator used (BP) benzyl peroxide. By using different plasticizers (di butyl Phthalate (DBPH), Nitrobenzene (NB), oleic acid (OA) and paraffin) for MDZ-MIP1 and (Di-butyl sebecate (DBS), Di-methyl acrylate (DMA), Tributylphosphate(TBP) and Tris(ethylhexyl phosphate (TEHP) ) for MDZ-MIP2. Membranes of MIPs were prepared in PVC matrix. The characterizations of each electrode were determined The Slope range from (55.083 - 43.711) mV/decade, Limit of Detection (8 X 10 -4- 2 X 10-6) and Linearity

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 02 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Biology And Chemistry
Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Iron Oxide by using Iraqi Orange Plant Extract and Testing for Adsorption Efficiency
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Nanomaterials, including nanoparticles such as iron oxide nanoparticles, have received great attention from researchers due to their unique properties and applications. There are several diverse methods, including chemical, physical, and green biological methods, to prepare iron oxide nanoparticles. The green method was chosen because it is safer, purer, and less toxic compared to other methods. Therefore, the green method is a promising and environmentally friendly method in the near future. The aqueous extract of Iraqi orange leaves was used to prepare nano iron oxide, it was examined structurally and spectrally by several techniques (X-ray diffraction- XRD, Fourier transform infrared - FT-IR, field emission scanning electron micr

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 30 2025
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Attitudes of Female Physical Education and Sports Science Teachers Toward the Use of AI Applications
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The integration of arti cial intelligence (AI), whether through devices or software, has become a critical tool in analyzing and evaluating technical performance. AI signi cantly contributes to enhancing athletic performance by enabling accurate data analysis and supporting educators in developing effective training programs and interactive curricula. This study addresses a noticeable gap in the literature regarding the attitudes and inclinations of educators toward AI in physical education and sport sciences—a gap often attributed to limited awareness and lack of access to moderntechnologies.Theprimaryaimofthestudyistoexaminethetendenciesandperceptionsoffemaleinstructorsin physical education and sport sciences toward the use of AI

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of unsecured use of chemical pesticides on the environment and health in Iraq
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The wide use of pesticides in recent years leads to rapid distribution of these pollutants in the environment (air, water and soil).They were transported by means of air or water to biological ecosystems. They become more toxic through the processes of biological magnification while some of them persist for along period.The aim of this work is to show the negative effect that chemical pesticides causes, and in the same to show their side effect on the environment and health in Iraq. We could conclude that the bad use of these chemicals could cause an urgent impact now or in the future. Governmental offices dealing with these materials should take the right measures to minimize the danger and the misuse of these chemicals by seeking alternat

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 01 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Novel Research In Electrical And Mechanical Engineering
Use of Panel Method in High Subsonic and Transonic Aerodynamic Analysis of Complex Aircraft Configuration
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The application of low order panel method with the Dirichlet boundary condition on complex aircraft configuration have been studied in high subsonic and transonic speeds. Low order panel method has been used to solve the case of the steady, inviscid and compressible flow on a forward swept wing – canard configuration with cylindrical fuselage and a vertical stabilizer with symmetrical cross section. The aerodynamic coefficients for the forward swept wing aircraft were calculated using measured wake shape from an experimental work on same model configuration. The study showed that the application of low order panel method can be used with acceptable results

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 02 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Entomology And Zoology Studies
Isolation and identification of Enterococcus fecalis from cow milk samples and vaginal swab from
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The aim of the present study was to isolated the Enterococcus spp. from milk samples of cow and vaginal swabs from aborted women and patient women in Baghdad during September 2016 to april 2017. All 100 milk sample collecting was carried out on California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the positive Percentage of CMT reactions was 5% and the percentage of Enterococcus isolates from mastitic milk was 60% and 30% from nonmasitic milk. The prevalence of Enterococcus spp was 31% of milk samples and the prevalence of Enterococcus spp. Isolates were 67.74% of the isolates of cow milk samples were Enterococcus faecalis, 25.80% was Group D and 6.45% was non groupable while Enterococcus spp. isolates from aborted women samples were 20% and all isolated was

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 13 2021
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Milling Process of (4032) Al-Alloy using Taguchi-Based Grey Relational Analysis
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The objective of this work is to study the influence of end milling cutting process parameters, tool material and geometry on multi-response outputs for 4032 Al-alloy. This can be done by proposing an approach that combines Taguchi method with grey relational analysis. Three cutting parameters have been selected (spindle speed, feed rate and cut depth) with three levels for each parameter. Three tools with different materials and geometry have been also used to design the experimental tests and runs based on matrix L9. The end milling process with several output characteristics is solved using a grey relational analysis. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the major influencing parameters on multi-objective response w

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Publication Date
Mon May 27 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Prediction of Process Parameters That Affecting on Surface Roughness in Multi-Point Forming Process Using ANOVA Algorithm
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Multipoint forming process is an engineering concept which means that the working surface of the punch and die is produced as hemispherical ends of individual active elements (called pins), where each pin can be independently, vertically displaced using a geometrically reconfigurable die. Several different products can be made without changing tools saved precious production time. Also, the manufacturing of very expensive rigid dies is reduced, and a lot of expenses are saved. But the most important aspects of using such types of equipment are the flexibility of the tooling. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effect of three main parameters which are blank holder, rubber thickness and forming speed th

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 21 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of Re-engineering Business Processes in Continuous Improvement: Exploratory Statement of The Views of a Sample of The Faculties in The Law, Administration and Economy- University of Baghdad
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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of re-operations engineering business in continuous improvement, as the rapid development of service activities generally private and the great diversity in the goals of its operations and programs of the university and the service has led to the increasing importance of re-operations engineering business as well as continuous improvement so began to study the relationship between the re engineering and continuous improvement of university service, and applied study on a sample of professors from the faculties of administration, economics and law. Find and reach to several conclusions, notably that the preparation of the teaching staff training sessions on how to use modern teaching

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF AIR FLOW RATE EFFECTS ON HUMIDIFICATION PARAMETERS WITH PREHEATING AND DEHUMIDIFICATION PROCESS CHANGING
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This research study experimentally the effect of air flow rate on humidification process
parameters. Experimental data are obtained from air conditioning study unit T110D. Results obtained
from experimental test, calculations and psychometrics software are discussed. The effect of air flow rate
on steam humidification process parameters as a part of air-conditioning processes can be explained
according to obtained results. Results of the steam humidification processes (1,2) with and without
preheating with 5A and 7.5A shows decreasing in dry bulb temperature, humidity ratio, and heat add to
moist air with increasing air flow rate, but humidification load, and total energy of moist air increase with
increasing air flo

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