Generally fossil based fuels are used in internal combustion engines as an energy source.
Excessive use of fossil based fuels diminishes present reserves and increases the air pollution in
urban areas. This enhances the importance of the effective use of present reserves and/or to develop
new alternative fuels, which are environment friendly. Use of alternative fuel is a way of emission
control. The term “Alternative Gaseous Fuels” relates to a wide range of fuels that are in the
gaseous state at ambient conditions, whether when used on their own or as components of mixtures
with other fuels.
In this study, a single cylinder diesel engine was modified to use LPG in dual fuel mode to study
the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics. The primary fuel, liquefied petroleum
gas (LPG), was mixed with air, compressed, and ignited by a small pilot spray of diesel. Dual fuel
engine showed a reduction in oxides of nitrogen in the entire load range. The brake thermal
efficiency improved by 3% in dual fuel mode, especially at low load, and also reduced the
hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and CO2 emissions.
Abstract
Performance evaluation is of great importance in all countries of the world, because it has a prominent and effective role in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the optimal use of available resources, which are rare and important in achieving the desired objectives. With the continued growth of public spending and the limited resources, the State seeks to achieve its objectives through its units with minimal expenditure or deficit, rationality and wastefulness in the spending. In many countries, particularly developing countries, reforms are made in the public sector to achieve that goal through the adoption of IPSAS, which is reflected in the developmen
... Show MoreThe current study aims to investigate the effect of strategic knowledge management practices on an excellent performance at the Institution of Industrial Development and Research- the Ministry of Iraqi Industry (IDRMII). The present research is designed according to the descriptive method. To achieve the mentioned research objective, the researchers used the questionnaire as the main data collection tool. The research sample was 150 managers who are working at the top and middle management levels. To analyses the data gathered and reaching the results, several statistical techniques were used within AMOS.V25, SPSS.V21Software, This study reached a set of results, the most important of which is the existence of a positive correlat
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The aim of the current research is to prepare an integrated learning program based on mathematics standards for the next generation of the NYS and to investigate its impact on the development of the teaching performance of middle school mathematics teachers and the future thinking skills of their students. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a list of mathematics standards for the next generation, which were derived from a list of standards. He also prepared a list of the teaching competencies required for middle school mathematics teachers in light of the list of standards, as well as clarified the foundations of the training program and its objectives and the mathematical
... Show MoreIn this work, a convex lens concentrating solar collector is designed and manufactured locally by using 10 convex lenses (concentrator) of a diameter 10cm and one Copper absorber tube of a diameter 12.5mm and 1mm in thickness 1m length. Two axes manual Tracking system also constructed to track the sun continuously in two directions. The experiments are made on 17th of May 2015 in climatic conditions of Baghdad. The experimental data are fed to a computer program to solve the thermal performing equation, to find efficiency and actual useful energy. Then this data is used in numerical CFD software for three different absorber diameters (12.5 mm, 18.75 mm and 25 mm). From the results that obtained the maximum the
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The current research aims to know the reality of the research's coefficients, to know correlation and effectiveness between the organizational Agility and high performance . The current research has been applied on the official banks , including a sample of senior administration members (120) ; besides , the research has used questionnaire that being considered as the main tool for gathering information and data . It includes 59 questions in addition to the personal interviews program as to support the questionnaire and to fulfill a great deal of reality. It has been anal
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