A novel design and implementation of a cognitive methodology for the on-line auto-tuning robust PID controller in a real heating system is presented in this paper. The aim of the proposed work is to construct a cognitive control methodology that gives optimal control signal to the heating system, which achieve the following objectives: fast and precise search efficiency in finding the on- line optimal PID controller parameters in order to find the optimal output temperature response for the heating system. The cognitive methodology (CM) consists of three engines: breeding engine based Routh-Hurwitz criterion stability, search engine based particle
swarm optimization (PSO) and aggregation knowledge engine based cultural algorithm (CA). Matlab simulation package is used to carry out the proposed methodology that finds and tunes the optimal values of the robust PID parameters on-line. In real-time, the LabVIEW package is guided to design the on-line robust PID controller for the heating system. Numerical simulations and experimental results are compared with each other and showed the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology in terms of fast and smooth dynamic response for the heating system, especially when the control methodology considers the external disturbance attenuation problem.
In this research, a geotechnical assessment was conducted for clay of the Gercus Formation to determine its suitability for embankment dams. The selected area is located in the north of Iraq. Six samples were collected from two sites in Dokan (Sulaimaniyah) and Haibat Sultan mountain (Koysinjaq), three samples each. Various geotechnical (physical, mechanical and chemical) tests were conducted based on standard specifications.
The results of the grain size test of clay samples showed their conformity with Zone C curves and their suitability for the construction of embankment dams, according to the Iraqi standard for roads and bridges. The results of the
... Show MoreThe available experimental data of proton electronic stopping power for Polyethylene, Mylar, Kapton and Polystyrene are compared with Mathematica, SRIM2013, PSTAR and libdEdx programs or databases. The comparison involves sketching out both experimental and databases data for each polymer to discuss the agreement. Further, we use statistical means via standard deviation resulting from the mean normalized difference to describe the precise agreement among the databases and the experimental data. We found that there is not a specific one database can describe the experimental data for certain material at given proton energy.
The derivation of 5th order diagonal implicit type Runge Kutta methods (DITRKM5) for solving 3rd special order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is introduced in the present study. The DITRKM5 techniques are the name of the approach. This approach has three equivalent non-zero diagonal elements. To investigate the current study, a variety of tests for five various initial value problems (IVPs) with different step sizes h were implemented. Then, a comparison was made with the methods indicated in the other literature of the implicit RK techniques. The numerical techniques are elucidated as the qualification regarding the efficiency and number of function evaluations compared with another literature of the implic
... Show MoreA new Turbidimetric method characterized by simplicity, accuracy and speed for determination of Hydronium ion by continuous flow injection analysis. The method was based on the formation of complex Zn3[Fe(CN)6] for Zinc(II) that was eluted by Hydronium ion from cation exchanger column with Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) for the formation of a pale yellow precipitate and this precipitate was determined using homemade Linear Array Ayah-5SX1-T-1D continuous flow injection analyser. The optimum parameters were 2.7 mL.min-1 flow rate using H2O as a carrier stream, 1.7 mL.min-1 reagent stream, 110 L sample volume and open valve for the purge of the sample segment. Data treatment shows that linear range 0.01-0.1 mol.L-1 for each acids (HClO
... Show MoreThe ion-pair formation method has been applied for the spectrophotometric determination of Cimetidine and Erythromycin ethylsuccinate, in bulk samples and in dosage form. The methods are accurate, simple, rapid, inexpensive and sensitive depending on the extraction of the formed ion-pair with brompthymol blue (BTB) as a chromogenic reagent in chloroform, use phthalate buffer of pH 5.5 and 4.0 for Cimetidine and Erythromycin ethylsuccinate respectively. The formed complexes show absorbance maxima at 427.5 nm and 414.5 nm for Cimetidine and Erythromycin ethylsuccinate respectively against reagent blank. The calibration graphs are linear in the ranges of 0.5-15 µg.mL-1 with detection limit of 0.222 µg.mL-1 for
... Show Moreالمستخلص:
في هذا البحث , استعملنا طرائق مختلفة لتقدير معلمة القياس للتوزيع الاسي كمقدر الإمكان الأعظم ومقدر العزوم ومقدر بيز في ستة أنواع مختلفة عندما يكون التوزيع الأولي لمعلمة القياس : توزيع لافي (Levy) وتوزيع كامبل من النوع الثاني وتوزيع معكوس مربع كاي وتوزيع معكوس كاما وتوزيع غير الملائم (Improper) وتوزيع
... Show MoreThree types of metal carboxylates (Ho,Tb and Dy) stearates were LLSed as thennal stabi lizers for PVC. Infrared spectra (1500-1900
|
cm.1
were studied for PVC films stabilized with these metal
carboxylatcs. Two types of oxygen were round -containing products that were formed during the thermal degradation .On the other hand , the presence &nb
... Show MoreDensity Functional Theory (DFT) with B3LYP hybrid exchange-correlation functional and 3-21G basis set and semi-empirical methods (PM3) were used to calculate the energies (total energy, binding energy (Eb), molecular orbital energy (EHOMO-ELUMO), heat of formation (?Hf)) and vibrational spectra for some Tellurium (IV) compounds containing cycloctadienyl group which can use as ligands with some transition metals or essential metals of periodic table at optimized geometrical structures.