There were two types of plows used widely in agricultural fields in the country. The first plow was moldboard plow, while the second one was chisel plow. There were large numbers of Iraqi farmers that used chisel plow for such farming practices. Researchers found that moldboard plows gave the highest rate of carbon dioxide emission. They observed that that with chisel plows they got the lowest carbon dioxide emission. Chisel plow saved energy as compared to moldboard plow and the cost of using the chisel plows was less than the moldboard plows. Chisel plow decreased carbon dioxide emissions from the soil and improve soil properties. The benefits of using chisel plows were more than using moldboard plows.

The road network serves as a hub for opportunities in production and consumption, resource extraction, and social cohabitation. In turn, this promotes a higher standard of living and the expansion of cities. This research explores the road network's spatial connectedness and its effects on travel and urban form in the Al-Kadhimiya and Al-Adhamiya municipalities. Satellite images and paper maps have been employed to extract information on the existing road network, including their kinds, conditions, density, and lengths. The spatial structure of the road network was then generated using the ArcGIS software environment. The road pattern connectivity was evaluated using graph theory indices. The study demands the abstractio

The main risks arising from the WTO Agreement are the inequality and lack of competitiveness of most pharmaceutical goods, as well as the fact that Iraq is a net importer of medicines that are at the core of consumer needs, The subject matter of the Convention on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and its implications for the pharmaceutical industry, in particular, coinciding with the situation of financial and administrative corruption, all of which has resulted in drug fraud in the Iraqi market and its impact on public health. The control of medical technology, the persistence of the technological gap and its effects on high price levels, and the fact that domestic drug producers are obliged to obtain production licenses from

The main risks arising from the WTO Agreement are the inequality and lack of competitiveness of most pharmaceutical goods, as well as the fact that Iraq is a net importer of medicines that are at the core of consumer needs, The subject matter of the Convention on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and its implications for the pharmaceutical industry, in particular, coinciding with the situation of financial and administrative corruption, all of which has resulted in drug fraud in the Iraqi market and its impact on public health. The control of medical technology, the persistence of the technological gap and its effects on high price levels, and the fact that domestic drug producers are obliged to obtain production licens

Transportability refers to the ease with which people, goods, or services may be transferred. When transportability is high, distance becomes less of a limitation for activities. Transportation networks are frequently represented by a set of locations and a set of links that indicate the connections between those places which is usually called network topology. Hence, each transmission network has a unique topology that distinguishes its structure. The most essential components of such a framework are the network architecture and the connection level. This research aims to demonstrate the efficiency of the road network in the Al-Karrada area which is located in the Baghdad city. The analysis based on a quantitative evaluation using graph th

Background: Since the periodontal disease Index of Ramfjord (Ramfjord index) can potentially shorten the examination time by almost half, many studies evaluated Ramfjord teeth in predicting full-mouth periodontal status of an adult population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of Ramfjord teeth in predicting the full-mouth clinical attachment level of an adult population in patients attending the college of dentistry- Baghdad University. Materials and methods: The study participants were 100 patients with age range from 30-60 years old which represent group zero. The patients were divided into three main groups according to the age of the patients. Group I and group II each of them composed of 30 patients while group III co

In this work, we carried out an experimental study of thedusty
plasma by taking the dust material Fe₃O₄ with radius of the any grain
0.1μm - 0.5μm. In experiment we use air in the vacuum chamber
system under different low pressure (0.1-1) Torr. The results
illustrated that the present of dust particles in the air plasma did not
effect on Paschen minimum which is 0.5 without dust and with Fe₃O₄
dusty grains.
The effect of Fe3O4 dust particles on plasma parameters can be
notice in direct current system in glow discharge region. The plasma
parameters which were studied in this work represent plasma
potential, floating potential,electron saturation current, temperatu

The engagement of pharmacists in research activities is pivotal in the advancement of the pharmacy practice. The study aims to evaluate the confidence and competence of Malaysian hospital pharmacists in conducting clinical and practice-based research.

A cross-sectional study was carried out between September 2019 and April 2020 using an online survey. Pharmacists from eight different hospitals in Malaysia were involved in the study. The survey link was sent to all pharmacists of the included hospitals via email. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.

A total of 226 pharmacists participated in this study, and their average age was 28 years old. About 82 % of the participants reported that they did not have any previous re

(( The Basic word and Terms of sports, games and motions in the Holy Quran : semantic
study )).
The research consists of apreface followed by an Introduction , and three sections and
aconclusion, finally the research concluded with a list of the sources . and also alist of terms
and word in English language for a wider use .
As for reach sections, they are section one it covers a group of words sports games that
are forty two words .
Section two : it covers five fields :-
a- A group of words ( sports ruless) that an seventeen words.
b- A group of ( sports montions ) that are ten .
c- A group of ( sports tools ) that are seven words.
d- A group of ( sports sciences ) that are seven words only .
e- A gro

The aim object of research is to show the computerized services library of Salahaldeen University in Erbil city in Iraq, so the research treatment all side of library such as building, location ,staff ,finance, resource collection and services ,we refer to. problem which face library such as administration and finance through the using Of case study method, reference source ,meeting , online comment and data record .The study focus develop in library departments, users services, management ,staff, the resource collection, building and location.
The study ending with many results and recommendation to develop the library services by using modern Information system to all users inside and outside the university and link them with other