Abstract

Objective: the idea of this study to improve transdermal permeability of Methotrexate using eucalyptus oil, olive oil and peppermint oil as enhancers.
Method: eucalyptus oil (2% and 4%), peppermint oil (2% and 4%) and olive oil (2% and 4%) all used as natural enhancers to develop transdermal permeability of Methotrexate via gel formulation. The gel was subjected to many physiochemical properties tests. In-vitro release and permeability studies for the drug were done by Franz cell diffusion across synthetic membrane, kinetic model was studied via korsmeyer- peppas equation.
Result: the results demonstrate that safe, nonirritant or cause necrosis to rats' skin and stable till 60 days gel was successfully formulated.<

AlxSb1-x compounds with different aluminum content(x=0.1, 0.3 , 0.5 , 0.7 and 0.9 ) were prepared by mixing the two elements in the appropriate ratios in quartz ampulla which then sealed and put in an oven at 1273 and left 5 hours. The obtained powder were grinded and then pressed in pellets shape which will be the target to prepare thin films samples. AlxSb1-x thin films were synthesized by PLD with ~ 150nm in thickness .The structures of AlxSb1-x powders and thin films were determined using X–ray diffraction. The data revealed that all the prepare AlxSb1-x bulk and thin films have polycrystalline . The results showed that increasing of Al reduced the crystallinity of the prepared samples at the first but then the opposite take pla

This research is presenting a study of optical and structural properties of (Fe2O3)1-x(MgO)x composites synthesized as thin film that can be used as a gas sensor. Pulsed laser deposition technique was used to prepare thin films of (Fe2O3)1-x(MgO)x. The pattern of X-ray diffraction of the composites powder showed the consistency of iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) hematite phase along with the planes (104) and (110) as preferred planes for crystal growth where the intensities of which varied with MgO content. The crystal size of the thin film material was varied in between (26.8-35.1) nm. The diffraction pattern of the pulsed laser deposited thin films was absent from any diffraction peaks. The maximum transparency obtained of hematite

Background Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts has gained increasing attention as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical methods. Salix alba L contains bioactive phytochemicals that can act as reducing and stabilizing agents during nanoparticle synthesis. This study aimed to synthesize AgNPs using an aqueous bark extract of S. alba and to evaluate their antimicrobial and cytogenetic effects. Methods Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by mixing S. alba aqueous e

orphological changes, represented by erosion and sedimentation, are a natural phenomenon that occurs in most river estuaries, causing changes in waterways and affecting offshore structures. One of these estuaries is the Shatt Al-Arab River estuary, which is the main waterway for trade and a major outlet for oil exports, is suffering from these changes. Moreover, the Thalweg Line, which is the deepest point within the estuary, forms the international border between Iraq and Iran. This line is moving at some rate towards the Iraqi land. To understand the process of erosion and sedimentation within the Shatt Al-Arab River estuary, a hydraulic mathematical simulation by using both HEC RAS and ANSYS Software. The HEC RAS was used to simulate the

A Schiff base ligand (L) was used as primary ligand and potassium anthranilate (Anth) was used as the secondary ligand in the molar ratio M: L:2Anth to synthesize a new platinum(IV) mixed-ligand complex [Pt(L)(Anth)₂]Cl₂. The Schiff base ligand was synthesized by the condensation of 4-Aminoantipyrine with 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and was verified as a bidentate ligand. The UV-visible, FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, CHN elemental analysis, molar conductance, chloride ion determination and melting point measurements were used to characterize the ligand and the complex. The results of the molar conductance showed that the electrolytic behavior was 1:2, where the two chloride ions were present outside the coordination sphere, while the spectroscopi

Electric vehicles are emerging as a sustainable alternative to conventional transportation. However, route planning in Internet of Vehicles environments remains challenging because conventional routing algorithms based on travel distance or time do not adequately consider electric vehicle-specific constraints. Existing routing strategies often overlook the combined effects of battery energy, traffic congestion, and charging requirements, resulting in inefficient routing decisions. This paper proposes an adaptive Energy, Congestion, and Charging-Aware Routing (ECCAR) protocol that uses energy-feasibility verification, cost-based charging-station selection, and route re-optimization for electric vehicles in Internet of Vehicles enviro