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PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals Using Clipping and Coding

The problem of the high peak to average ratio (PAPR) in OFDM signals is investigated with a brief presentation of the various methods used to reduce the PAPR with special attention to the clipping method. An alternative approach of clipping is presented, where the clipping is performed right after the IFFT stage unlike the conventional clipping that is performed in the power amplifier stage, which causes undesirable out of signal band spectral growth. In the proposed method, there is clipping of samples not clipping of wave, therefore, the spectral distortion is avoided. Coding is required to correct the errors introduced by the clipping and the overall system is tested for two types of modulations, the QPSK as a constant amplitude modulation and 16QAM as a varying amplitude modulation.

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Breakfast and its relationship to the curriculum daily diet of school-age children

The breakfast key components of good nutrition and a large proportion of pupils to Ataatnol her breakfast at home and increase the failure rate breakfast increase the child's age research aims to study the importance of breakfast and emphasize the need to contain aggregates of basic food and its relationship to the curriculum daily diet and its impact on the balance of proteins, fats in food daily as well as the effect of some relevant factors such as the mother's level of education and the number of family members and summarized the most important results in that the percentage of 15.6% Neglected children eating breakfast as well as afternoon that Almaah percentages of calories coming from protein and fat at breakfast .....

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 06 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Determination of Quality Assurance for Maternal and Child Health Services in Baghdad City

Objective: To determine the quality assurance for maternal and child health care services in Baghdad City.
Methodology: A descriptive study is conducted throughout the period of November 28th 2008 to October 10th
2009. A simple random sample of (349) is selected through the use of probability sampling approach. The study
sample was divided into four groups which include (220) consumers, (35) medical staff, (72) nursing staff and (22)
organization structure (primary health care centers). Data were collected through the use of assessment tools. It was
comprised of four questionnaires and overall items included in these questionnaires are (116) items. The study
included assessment of organization structure. Data were colle

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 05 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
An Immunohistochemical Expressions of BAD, MDM2, and P21 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy characterized by poor prognosis and low survival rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Immunohistochemical expressions of BAD, MDM2, and P21as apoptotic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: This study was performed on forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks which histopathologically diagnosed as Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. All cases were collected from the Histopathological Laboratory from patients treated surgically at Maxillofacial surgery Department at Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Results: The immunohistochemical staining of BAD showed positive expression in 39 (97.5%), MDM2 showed positive expression in 39(97.5%)

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Synthesis and Characterization of (CdO)_1-x Mg_x films by pulsed laser deposition

In this study, the effect of grafting with magnesium (Mg) ratios (0.1, 0.3, 0.5) on the structural and optical properties of cadmium oxide films (CdO) was studied, as these films were prepared on glass bases using the method of pulse laser deposition (PLD). The crystallization nature of the prepared membranes was examined by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), which showed that the synthesis of the prepared membranes is polycrystalline, and (AFM) images also showed that the increased deformation with magnesium led to an increase in the grain size ratio and a decrease in surface roughness, as well as the absorption coefficient was calculated. And the optical energy gap for the prepared membranes, where it was found that the absorption coef

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 26 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Purification and Properties of β-Galactosidase From A Thermophilic Fungus Rhizmmucor Pusillus IB8.

An extracellular β-galactosidase from the thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor
Pusillus IB8 has been purified via several steps included precipitation by ammonium
sulphate at 80 % saturation, DEAE- Cellulose Ion exchange chromatography and gel filteration on sepharose CL-6B column. The Final purification folds and the yield of the enzyme were 42.5 and 24.8 % respectively. The purified β-galactosidase has an optimum pH for its activity between 4.5 to 5, while the optimum pH for enzyme stability was between 5 to 5.5. Futhermore, it was found that the optimum temperature for its activity was 60 C°. The purified enzyme retained approximatly 98% of its original activity when incubated at 60 C° for 60 min. However, 25 % of its activity was

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 28 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Protective Effect of Ginger Extract Against Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Cardiotoxicity in Rats.

The protective effect of ginger extract against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity was evaluated in 30 albino white rats(weighing 200-300 gm ) classified into 5groups (6 rats per each group). The rats were treated with 0.5g/kg/day or         1g/kg/day ginger extract orally 5 successive days before and 5 successive days after induction of toxicity with intraperitoneal (IP) injection of (10mg/kg ) cisplatin, resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , total serum  billirubin(TSB) , lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase(CK) enzymes in comparison with the cisplatin treated animals; ginger extract

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Preparation and Characterization of (Hyacinth plant / Chitosan) Composite as a Heavy Metal Removal

In this study, the preparation and characterization of hyacinth plant /chitosan composite, as a heavy metal removal, were done. Water hyacinth plant (Eichhorniacrasspes) was collected from Tigris river in Baghdad. The root and shoot parts of plant were ground to powder. Composite materials were prepared at different ratios of plant part (from 2.9% to 30.3%, wt /wt) which corresponds to (30-500mg) of hyacinth plant (root and shoot) and chitosan. The results showed that all examined ratios of plant parts have an excellent absorption to copper (Cu (II)). Moreover, it was observed that 2.9% corresponds (30mg) of plant root revealed highest removal (82.7%) of Pb (II), while 20.23% of shoot removed 61% of Cd (II) within 24 hr

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 29 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Measurement and Analysis of Bubble Size Distribution in the Electrochemical Stirred Tank Reactor

The dimensions of bubbles were measured in a stirrer tank electrochemical reactor, where the analysis of the bubble size distribution has a substantial impact on the flow dynamics. The high-speed camera and image processing methods were used to obtain a reliable photo. The influence of varied air flow rates (0.3; 0.5; 1 l/min) on BSD was thoroughly investigated. Two types of distributors (cubic and circular) were examined, and the impact of various airflow rates on BSD was investigated in detail. The results showed that the bubbles for the two distributors were between 0.5 and 4.5 mm. For both distributors at each airflow, the Sauter mean diameter for the bubbles was calculated. According to the results, as the flow rate raised, the bubb

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
The Advantages of Combined Regional and General Anesthesia in Ophthalmic Surgery in Children

Background: Regional anesthesia is a common procedure in an adult patient undergoing ophthalmic surgery, but it cannot be done alone in the pediatric age group. General anesthesia is accompanied by complications intra- and post-operatively.

Objectives: to determine whether or not using regional anesthesia in combination with general anesthesia in pediatric eye procedures improves patient outcomes.

Methods: Forty children, with an age range of 6 - 12 years were included in the study that was conducted at Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital / Department of Ophthalmology and Ibn Al-Haytham (Ophthalmology Hospital), both teaching hospitals, from December 2018 to October 2019. These childr

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Assessment of risk factors for myocardial infarction and its relationship with some variables

The aim of the study is to assess the risk factors which lead to myocardial infarction and relation to some variables. The filed study was carried out from the 1st of April to the end of Sept. 2005. The Sample of the study consisted of (100) patients in lbn-Albeetar and Baghdad Teaching Hospital. The result of the study indicated the following; 45% of patients with age group (41-50) were more exposed to the disease and there is no significant difference was seen in the level of education, Martial status, weight and height. The result shows that there are significant difference in risk factors like hypertension, cholesterol level in blood and diabetes. When analyzed by T.test at level of P < 0.01 and there are significant difference in smoki

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