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Semi-Batch Reactive Distillation of Consecutive Reaction : The Saponification Reaction of Diethyl Adipate with Sodium Hydroxide Solution
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This research presents a new study in reactive distillation by using consecutive reaction: the saponification reaction of diethyl adipate (DA) with sodium hydroxide solution .

The effect of three parameters were studied through a design of experiments applying 23 factorial design . These parameters were : the mole ratio of DA to NaOH solution (0.1 and 1) , NaOH solution concentration (3 N and 8 N) , and batch time (1.5 hr. and 3.5 hr.) . The conversion of DA to sodium monoethyladipate(SMA)(intermediate product) was the effect of these parameters which was detected . Also , the percentage purity of the intermediate product was recorded . The results showed that increasing mole ratio of DA to NaOHsolution increases the conversion and percentage purity to a maximum value within the range of study . The effect of NaOH solution concentration decreases the conversion and percentage purity to specified value within the range of study . The effect of batch time on conversion and percentage purity , when NaOH solution concentration (3 N) is as follows : the increasing in batch time decreases the conversion and percentage purity to specified value within the range of study . When NaOH solution concentration (8 N) increasing batch time decreases the conversion , while percentage purity increases with increasing batch time to a maximum value within the range of study . The maximum attainable conversion within the studied range of parameters was  eighteen fold of the base case , while the maximum percentage purity was (99.40 %) .

Empirical equation was obtained using statistical analysis of experimental results . The empirical results of relative conversion was drawn . The empirical graphs showed linear variation .

 

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Clinical Evaluation of a Formulated Econazol Nitrate as A Topical Solution
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Econazole nitrate (EN) is considered as the most effective agent for the treatment of all forms of dermatomycosis caused by dernatophytes. It was formulated as a topical solution in our laboratories. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Econazol Nitrate in the prepared formula and compared with that of commercial brand, Pevaryl®. A total of 104 patient suffering from dermatomycoses were involved in this investigation. Both formula were applied to the affected skin region in the morning and evening from week to 16 weeks with light massage until complete healing effect was achieved. The data revealed that the percentage of cured patient treated with the prepared formula and reference formula of Ecanozol Nitrate 1% so

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Al-nahrain University Science
Adsorption of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride from Aqueous Solution by Iraqi Porcelinaite Adsorbent
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 10 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research
Molecular Interaction in Aqueous Solution of Butanol Isomers at 298.15 K
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Viscosity (η) of solutions of 1-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol and tert-butanol were investigated in aqueous solution structures of ranged composition from 0.55 to 1 mol.dm-3 at 298.15 K. The data of (η/η˳) were evaluated based on reduced Jone - Dole equation; η/η˳ =BC+1. In the term of B value, the consequences based on solute-solvent interaction in aqueous solutions of alcohols were deliberated. The outcomes of this paper discloses that alcohols act as structure producers in the water. Additionally, it has shown that solute-solvent with interacting activity of identical magnitude is in water-alcohol system

Publication Date
Wed May 10 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF UNSATURATED SOIL WATER FLOW FROM A POINT SOURCE
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Water flow into unsaturated porous media is governed by the Richards’ partial differential equation expressing the mass conservation and Darcy’s laws. The Richards’ equation may be written in three forms,where the dependent variable is pressure head or moisture content, and the constitutive relationships between water content and pressure head allow for conversion of one form into the other. In the present paper, the “moisture-based" form of Richards’ equation is linearized by applying Kirchhoff’s transformation, which
combines the soil water diffusivity and soil water content. Then the similarity method is used to obtain the analytical solution of wetting front position. This exact solution is obtained by means of Lie’s

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 18 2016
Journal Name
International Journal Of Basic And Applied Sciences
Analytic and numerical solution for duffing equations
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<p>Daftardar Gejji and Hossein Jafari have proposed a new iterative method for solving many of the linear and nonlinear equations namely (DJM). This method proved already the effectiveness in solved many of the ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations and integral equations. The main aim from this paper is to propose the Daftardar-Jafari method (DJM) to solve the Duffing equations and to find the exact solution and numerical solutions. The proposed (DJM) is very effective and reliable, and the solution is obtained in the series form with easily computed components. The software used for the calculations in this study was MATHEMATICA<sup>®</sup> 9.0.</p>

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 22 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Novel Study of Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride Precipitate Formed by Potassium hexacyanoferrate and Sodium nitroprusside using Atomic Force Microscopy
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Atomic Force Microscope is an efficient tool to study the topography of precipitate. A study using Continuous Flow Injection via the use of Ayah 6SX1-T-2D Solar cell CFI Analyser . It was found that Cyproheptadine –HCl form precipitates of different quality using a precipitating agent's potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) and sodium nitroprusside. The formed precipitates are collected as they are formed in the usual sequence of forming the precipitate via the continuous flow .The precipitates are collected and dried under normal atmospheric pressure. The precipitates are subjected to atomic force microscope scanning to study the variation and differences of these precipitates relating them to the kind of response to both precipitates give

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 03 2025
Journal Name
Sar Journal Of Pathology And Microbiology
The Relation between Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte and Classical Tumor Staging in Colorectal Carcinoma (Semi-Quantitative Study by Immun histochemistry in a Group of Iraqi Patients)
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Inflammatory response had a role in cancer progression, presence of noticeable inflammation within the tumor and its margin may play an important prognostic role in colorectal carcinoma.

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Applied Physics
Spectral and Electrical Characteristics of Nanostructured NiO/TiO 2 Heterojunction Fabricated by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
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In this work, p-n junctions were fabricated from highly-pure nanostructured NiO and TiO2 thin films deposited on glass substrates by dc reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The structural characterization showed that the prepared multilayer NiO/TiO2 thin film structures were highly pure as no traces for other compounds than NiO and TiO2 were observed. It was found that the absorption of NiO-on-TiO2 structure is higher than that of the TiO2-on-NiO. Also, the NiO/TiO2 heterojunctions exhibit typical electrical characteristics, higher ideality factor and better spectral responsivity when compared to those fabricated from the same materials by the same technique and with larger particle size and lower structural purity.

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Water Process Engineering
Waterworks sludge-filter sand permeable reactive barrier for removal of toxic lead ions from contaminated groundwater
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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Biochemical Engineering Journal
Immobilization of mixed cells by Flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum) extract as new nonconventional biocarrier for biodegradation of sodium dodecyl sulfate
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